Quebec Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! ===Tertiary sector=== The [[Financial services|finance and insurance]] sector employs more than 168,000 people. Of this number, 78,000 are employed by the banking sector, 53,000 by the insurance sector and 20,000 by the securities and investment sector.<ref>{{Cite web |last=QuĂ©bec |first=Institut de la statistique du |title=Emploi par industrie selon l'EnquĂȘte sur l'emploi, la rĂ©munĂ©ration et les heures de travail (EERH), QuĂ©bec, 2005-2011 |url=http://www.stat.gouv.qc.ca/donstat/econm_finnc/insti_finnc_coopr/inst_fin/emploi_qc_05_11.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125212707/http://www.stat.gouv.qc.ca/donstat/econm_finnc/insti_finnc_coopr/inst_fin/emploi_qc_05_11.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 25, 2013 |access-date=March 5, 2022 |website=archive.wikiwix.com |language=fr-CA }}</ref> The [[Bank of Montreal]], founded in 1817 in Montreal, was Quebec's first bank but, like many other large banks, its central branch is now in Toronto. Several banks remain based in Quebec [[National Bank of Canada]], the [[Desjardins Group]] and the [[Laurentian Bank of Canada|Laurentian Bank]]. [[File:Chateau_Frontenac_2.jpg|thumb|The [[ChĂąteau Frontenac]] is the most photographed hotel in the world.]] The [[Tourism in Quebec|tourism industry]] is a major sector in Quebec. The [[Ministry of Tourism (Quebec)|Ministry of Tourism]] ensures the development of this industry under the commercial name "Bonjour QuĂ©bec".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bonjourquebec.com/fr-ca |title=Bonjour-Quebec|publisher=Ministry of Tourism|accessdate=September 12, 2021}}</ref> Quebec is the second most important province for tourism in Canada, receiving 21.5% of tourists' spending (2021).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tourisme.gouv.qc.ca/publications/media/document/etudes-statistiques/tourisme-chiffres-2014.pdf|title=Chiffres tourisme|publisher=Government of Quebec|accessdate=September 12, 2021|archive-date=October 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006151519/https://www.tourisme.gouv.qc.ca/publications/media/document/etudes-statistiques/tourisme-chiffres-2014.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> The industry provides employment to over 400,000 people.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tourisme.gouv.qc.ca/publications/media/document/etudes-statistiques/Tourisme-chiffres2009.pdf|title=Le tourisme en chiffres|publisher=Government of Quebec|accessdate=September 12, 2021|archive-date=October 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006151621/http://www.tourisme.gouv.qc.ca/publications/media/document/etudes-statistiques/Tourisme-chiffres2009.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> These employees work in the more than 29,000 tourism-related businesses in Quebec, most of which are restaurants or hotels. 70% of tourism-related businesses are located in or close to Montreal or Quebec City. It is estimated that, in 2010, Quebec welcomed 25.8 million tourists. Of these, 76.1% came from Quebec, 12.2% from the [[rest of Canada]], 7.7% from the United States and 4.1% from other countries. Annually, tourists spend more than $6.7 billion in Quebec's tourism industry.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tourisme.gouv.qc.ca/publications/media/document/etudes-statistiques/TqBref2008.pdf|title=Le touisme en bref|publisher=Government of Quebec|accessdate=September 12, 2021|archive-date=August 28, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828194347/http://www.tourisme.gouv.qc.ca/publications/media/document/etudes-statistiques/TqBref2008.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Quebec's [[Information technology|IT]] sector has 7,600 businesses and employs 140,000 people.<ref>{{cite web |title=Services informatiques et logiciels |url=http://www.investquebec.com/en/index.aspx?rubrique=27 |url-status=dead |publisher=Investissement QuĂ©bec |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110527124352/http://www.investquebec.com/en/index.aspx?rubrique=27 |archivedate=May 27, 2011 |accessdate=June 23, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Investir en TIC, innovation et crĂ©ativitĂ© | Investissement QuĂ©bec |url=http://www.invest-quebec.com/fr/investissement-direct-etranger/technologies-information-communications/innovation-creativite.html |url-status=dead |website=Invest-quebec.com |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002172230/http://www.invest-quebec.com/fr/investissement-direct-etranger/technologies-information-communications/innovation-creativite.html |archivedate=October 2, 2013 |accessdate=September 29, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=l'Innovation |first=MinistĂšre de l'Ăconomie et de |title=Le secteur / Aperçu de l'industrie des technologies de l'information et des communications - MEI |url=https://www.economie.gouv.qc.ca/bibliotheques/secteurs/technologies-de-linformation-et-des-communications/apercu-de-lindustrie-des-technologies-de-linformation-et-des-communications/ |access-date=March 5, 2022 |website=MinistĂšre de l'Ăconomie et de l'Innovation |language=fr}}</ref> Its most developed sectors are [[telecommunications]], multimedia and video game software, computer services, microelectronics, and the components sector. There are currently 115 telecommunications companies established in the province, including [[Motorola]], [[Ericsson]] and Mitec.<ref name=":7">{{cite web|title=Perspective|url=http://www.desjardins.com/fr/a_propos/etudes_economiques/previsions/en_perspective/per1003.pdf|website=Desjardins.com|language=fr}}</ref> The multimedia and video game sector has been growing fast since the early 2000s. The Digital Alliance, which claims 191 active members in video games, online education, mobility and Internet services, estimates the annual revenue of the sector at $827 million in 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Se projeter dans l'avenir |url=https://www.ledevoir.com/economie/455230/sommet-du-jeu-video-se-projeter-dans-l-avenir |access-date=March 5, 2022 |website=Le Devoir |language=fr}}</ref> The microelectronics sector is made up of more than 100 companies employing 13,000 people. Computer services, software development, and consulting engineering employ 60,000 skilled workers. While the largest IT employers are [[CMC Electronics]], [[IBM]], and [[Matrox]], many other tech companies are present here, including [[Ubisoft Montreal|Ubisoft]], [[Electronic Arts]], [[Microids]], [[Strategy First]], [[Eidos-MontrĂ©al|Eidos]], [[Activision]], [[Artificial Mind and Movement|A2M]], [[Frima Studio]], etc.<ref>{{Cite web |title=convert |url=http://alliancenumerique.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/M%25C3%25A9moire_Alliance_num%25C3%25A9rique.pdf/index.html#federation=archive.wikiwix.com |access-date=March 5, 2022 |website=archive.wikiwix.com}}{{dead link|date=January 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> [[File:Apollo_11_Lunar_Module_Eagle_in_landing_configuration_in_lunar_orbit_from_the_Command_and_Service_Module_Columbia.jpg|thumb|In 1969, [[HĂ©roux-Devtek]] designed and manufactured the [[Landing gear|undercarriage]] of the [[Apollo Lunar Module]].]] Approximately 1.1 million Quebecers work in the field of science and technology.<ref name="R&D2">{{cite web|publisher=Investissement QuĂ©bec|title=The Benefits of Investing in QuĂ©bec Research & Development|url=http://www.investquebec.com/en/index.aspx?page=336|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110527123940/http://www.investquebec.com/en/index.aspx?page=336|archivedate=May 27, 2011|accessdate=February 23, 2011}}</ref> In 2007, the [[Government of Quebec]] launched the StratĂ©gie quĂ©bĂ©coise de la recherche et de l'innovation (SQRI) aiming to promote development through research, science and technology. The government hoped to create a strong culture of innovation in Quebec for the next decades and to create a [[sustainable economy]].<ref name="SQRI2">{{cite web|title=StratĂ©gie quĂ©bĂ©coise de la recherche et de l'innovation (SQRI) 2010â2013|url=http://www.mdeie.gouv.qc.ca/objectifs/informer/promotion-de-la-science-et-de-la-technologie/page/strategies-10457/?tx_igaffichagepages_pi1%5Bmode%5D=single&tx_igaffichagepages_pi1%5BbackPid%5D=414&tx_igaffichagepages_pi1%5BcurrentCat%5D=&cHash=92205d14fab28502662407daf5adfa2f|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501170553/http://www.mdeie.gouv.qc.ca/objectifs/informer/promotion-de-la-science-et-de-la-technologie/page/strategies-10457/?tx_igaffichagepages_pi1%5Bmode%5D=single&tx_igaffichagepages_pi1%5BbackPid%5D=414&tx_igaffichagepages_pi1%5BcurrentCat%5D=&cHash=92205d14fab28502662407daf5adfa2f|archivedate=May 1, 2012|accessdate=January 19, 2012|publisher=Gouvernement du QuĂ©bec|language=fr}}</ref> Quebec is considered one of world leaders in [[Basic research|fundamental scientific research]], having produced ten [[Nobel Prize|Nobel laureates]] in either physics, chemistry, or medicine.<ref>{{cite web|author=Perreault, Mathieu|title=Dix Nobel au QuĂ©bec|url=http://www.cyberpresse.ca/international/dossiers/prix-nobel-2009/200910/10/01-910310-dix-nobel-au-quebec.php|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110124175119/http://www.cyberpresse.ca/international/dossiers/prix-nobel-2009/200910/10/01-910310-dix-nobel-au-quebec.php|archivedate=January 24, 2011|accessdate=February 23, 2011|publisher=Cyberpresse.ca|language=fr}}</ref> It is also considered one of the world leaders in sectors such as aerospace, information technology, biotechnology and pharmaceuticals, and therefore plays a significant role in the world's scientific and technological communities.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Government of Quebec|title=Science and Technology: Portal of the government of QuĂ©bec|url=http://www.gouv.qc.ca/portail/quebec/pgs/commun/portrait/economie/sciencestechnologies/?lang=en|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217060340/http://gouv.qc.ca/portail/quebec/pgs/commun/portrait/economie/sciencestechnologies/?lang=en|archivedate=December 17, 2010|accessdate=February 23, 2011}}</ref> Between 2000 and 2011, Quebec had over 9,469 scientific publications in biomedical research and engineering.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Institut de la statistique du QuĂ©bec|title=QuĂ©bec had 195 triadic inventions patented|url=http://www.stat.gouv.qc.ca/savoir/index_an.htm|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612111434/http://www.stat.gouv.qc.ca/savoir/index_an.htm|archivedate=June 12, 2011|accessdate=February 23, 2011}}</ref> The contribution of Quebec in science and technology represented approximately 1% of the research worldwide between the 1980s and 2009.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Institut de la statistique du QuĂ©bec|title=Nombre de publications scientifiques en sciences naturelles et gĂ©nie, QuĂ©bec, Ontario, pays du G8, pays nordiques, certains pays Ă©mergents et monde, et part dans le total mondial, 1980 Ă 2009|url=http://www.stat.gouv.qc.ca/savoir/indicateurs/publications/pub_pays_total.htm|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402145402/http://www.stat.gouv.qc.ca/savoir/indicateurs/publications/pub_pays_total.htm|archivedate=April 2, 2012|accessdate=October 11, 2011}}</ref> The province is one of the world leaders in the field of [[space science]] and contributed to important discoveries in this field.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Investissement QuĂ©bec|year=2010|title=Aerospace in Quebec|url=http://www.investquebec.com/documents/en/secteur/Aerospace.pdf|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110527221548/http://www.investquebec.com/documents/en/secteur/Aerospace.pdf|archivedate=May 27, 2011|accessdate=May 3, 2010}}</ref> One of the most recent is the discovery of the complex [[extrasolar planet]]s system [[HR 8799]]. HR 8799 is the first direct observation of an exoplanet in history.<ref>{{cite web|date=December 9, 2010|title=A fourth planet around the star HR 8799|url=http://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelles/science/2010/12/09/001-exoplanete-hr8799e-marois.shtml|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419020818/http://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelles/science/2010/12/09/001-exoplanete-hr8799e-marois.shtml|archivedate=April 19, 2014|publisher=Radio-Canada|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=January 21, 2009|title=A trio of astronomers awarded|url=http://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelles/science/2009/01/21/001-Embargo-scientifiques2008.shtml|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419015952/http://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelles/science/2009/01/21/001-Embargo-scientifiques2008.shtml|archivedate=April 19, 2014|publisher=Radio-Canada|language=fr}}</ref> The [[Canadian Space Agency]] was established in Quebec due to its major role in this research field. A total of four Quebecers have been in space since the creation of the CSA: [[Marc Garneau]], [[Julie Payette]], and [[David Saint-Jacques]] as CSA astronauts, plus [[Guy LalibertĂ©]] as a private citizen who paid for his trip. Quebec has also contributed to the creation of some Canadian [[artificial satellite]]s including [[SCISAT-1]], [[ISIS (satellite)|ISIS]], [[Radarsat-1]] and [[Radarsat-2]].<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Canadian Space Agency|date=May 7, 2001|title=RADARSAT-1 Climate Change|url=http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/educators/resources/radarsat/q-a.asp|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110826024711/http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/educators/resources/radarsat/q-a.asp|archivedate=August 26, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|publisher=Canadian Space Agency|title=Construction and cost|url=http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/satellites/radarsat1/construction.asp|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110826024726/http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/satellites/radarsat1/construction.asp|archivedate=August 26, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|publisher=Canadian Space Agency|title=SCISAT Team and partners|url=http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/satellites/scisat/contractors.asp|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110826024702/http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/satellites/scisat/contractors.asp|archivedate=August 26, 2011}}</ref> Quebec ranks among the world leaders in the field of [[life science]].<ref name="emergex2">{{cite web|date=November 30, 2005|title=La recherche et le dĂ©veloppement au QuĂ©bec|url=http://www.emergex.com/fr/content/rd_quebec.aspx|publisher=EMERGEX|language=fr|access-date=March 6, 2011|archive-date=July 10, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710190032/http://www.emergex.com/fr/content/rd_quebec.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[William Osler]], [[Wilder Penfield]], [[Donald Olding Hebb|Donald Hebb]], [[Brenda Milner]], and others made significant discoveries in medicine, [[neuroscience]] and [[psychology]] while working at [[McGill University]] in Montreal. Quebec has more than 450 biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies which together employ more than 25,000 people and 10,000 highly qualified researchers.<ref name="emergex2" /> Montreal is ranked fourth in North America for the number of jobs in the pharmaceutical sector.<ref name="emergex2" /><ref>{{cite web|publisher=Investissement QuĂ©bec|title=Life sciences|url=http://www.investquebec.com/documents/en/publications/BrochureSciences2010_en.pdf|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110527205103/http://www.investquebec.com/documents/en/publications/BrochureSciences2010_en.pdf|archivedate=May 27, 2011|accessdate=July 5, 2011}}</ref> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here. 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