Nelson Mandela

=== Illness and death: 2011–2013 ===
{{main|Death and state funeral of Nelson Mandela}}
[[File:Madiba's house 3.jpg|thumb|right|Members of the public paying their respects outside Mandela's Houghton home]]

In February 2011, Mandela was briefly hospitalised with a [[respiratory infection]], attracting international attention,{{sfn|Battersby|2011|p=607}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Nelson-Mandela-breathing-on-his-own-20110128 |title=Nelson Mandela 'breathing on his own' |date=18 January 2011 |website=News 24 |access-date=30 January 2011 |archive-date=13 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513113640/http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Nelson-Mandela-breathing-on-his-own-20110128 |url-status=dead }}</ref> before being re-admitted for a lung infection and [[gallstone]] removal in December 2012.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nelson Mandela has lung infection|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-20677168|access-date=16 December 2017|work=BBC News|date=11 December 2012|archive-date=28 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171228152121/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-20677168|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Mandela Has Surgery for Gallstones |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/16/world/africa/mandela-has-surgery-to-remove-gallstones.html?partner=rss&emc=rss&smid=tw-nytimes&_r=0 |website=The New York Times |access-date=15 December 2012 |archive-date=25 February 2013 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6EhSuaglG?url=http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/16/world/africa/mandela-has-surgery-to-remove-gallstones.html?partner=rss&emc=rss&smid=tw-nytimes&_r=1& |url-status=live |date=15 December 2012 }}</ref> After a successful medical procedure in early March 2013,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ctvnews.ca/world/nelson-mandela-94-responding-positively-to-treatment-in-hospital-1.1214585 |title=Nelson Mandela, 94, responding positively to treatment in hospital |website=CTV News |date=28 March 2013 |access-date=10 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419135607/http://www.ctvnews.ca/world/nelson-mandela-94-responding-positively-to-treatment-in-hospital-1.1214585 |archive-date=19 April 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> his lung infection recurred and he was briefly hospitalised in Pretoria.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nelson Mandela arrives home in ambulance|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/nelson-mandela/9976102/Nelson-Mandela-arrives-home-in-ambulance.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130408004826/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/nelson-mandela/9976102/Nelson-Mandela-arrives-home-in-ambulance.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 April 2013|work=The Telegraph|access-date=6 April 2013|location=London|date=6 April 2013}}</ref> In June 2013, his lung infection worsened and he was readmitted to a Pretoria hospital in serious condition.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nelson Mandela hospitalized in serious condition|url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/06/08/world/africa/south-africa-mandela-sick/index.html|publisher=CNN|access-date=8 June 2013|date=8 June 2013|archive-date=14 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201214172235/https://www.cnn.com/2013/06/08/world/africa/south-africa-mandela-sick/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Anglican Diocese of Cape Town|Archbishop of Cape Town]] [[Thabo Makgoba]] visited Mandela at the hospital and prayed with Machel,<ref>{{cite news |author=AFP 2|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/nelson-mandela/10142863/Nelson-Mandela-wished-a-peaceful-end.html |title=Mandela wished a 'peaceful end' by Cape Town Archbishop |website=The Telegraph |date=26 June 2013 |access-date=5 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160127022518/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/nelson-mandela/10142863/Nelson-Mandela-wished-a-peaceful-end.html |archive-date=27 January 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> while Zuma cancelled a trip to Mozambique to visit him the following day.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Nelson Mandela condition worsens as Zuma cancels trip |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-23076057 |work=BBC News|access-date=27 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140126133047/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-23076057 |archive-date=26 January 2014 |url-status=live|date=27 June 2013 }}</ref> In September 2013, Mandela was discharged from hospital,<ref>{{cite news|title=Nelson Mandela released from hospital |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2013/09/01/world/africa/nelson-mandela-hospital-release/ |access-date=1 September 2013 |publisher=CNN| date=1 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304094240/http://edition.cnn.com/2013/09/01/world/africa/nelson-mandela-hospital-release/ |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> although his condition remained unstable.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mandela discharged from South Africa hospital |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2013/09/20139185614590114.html |access-date=1 September 2013 |publisher=Al Jazeera |date=1 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304114444/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2013/09/20139185614590114.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

After suffering from a prolonged respiratory infection, Mandela died on 5 December 2013 at the age of 95, at around 20:50 [[South African Standard Time|local time]] at his home in Houghton, surrounded by his family.<ref name="BBCD">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-25249520 |title=South Africa's Nelson Mandela dies in Johannesburg |date=5 December 2013 |work=BBC News|access-date=5 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415152143/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-25249520 |archive-date=15 April 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Nelson Mandela dies|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2013-12-05-nelson-mandela-dies|work=Mail & Guardian|date=5 December 2013|access-date=6 May 2018|archive-date=19 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180719024332/https://mg.co.za/article/2013-12-05-nelson-mandela-dies|url-status=live}}</ref> Zuma publicly announced his death on television,<ref name="BBCD"/><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/06/world/africa/nelson-mandela.html |title=Mandela's Death Leaves South Africa Without Its Moral Center |website=The New York Times |last=Polgreen |first=Lydia |date=5 December 2013 |access-date=5 December 2013 |archive-date=6 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206082116/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/06/world/africa/nelson-mandela.html |url-status=live }}</ref> proclaiming ten days of national mourning, a memorial service held at Johannesburg's FNB Stadium on 10 December 2013, and 8 December as a national day of prayer and reflection. Mandela's body [[Lying in state|lay in state]] from 11 to 13 December at the [[Union Buildings]] in Pretoria and a [[state funeral]] was held on 15 December in Qunu.<ref>{{cite news|last=Pillay|first=Verashni|title=Mandela's memorial service to be held on December 10|url=http://mg.co.za/article/2013-12-06-mandelas-memorial-service-to-be-held-on-december-10|access-date=6 December 2013|newspaper=Mail & Guardian|date=6 December 2013|archive-date=1 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001155946/https://mg.co.za/article/2013-12-06-mandelas-memorial-service-to-be-held-on-december-10/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Vecchiatto|first1=Paul|last2=Stone|first2=Setumo|last3=Magubane|first3=Khulekani|title=Nelson Mandela to be laid to rest on December 15|url=http://www.bdlive.co.za/national/2013/12/06/nelson-mandela-to-be-laid-to-rest-on-december-15|access-date=6 December 2013|newspaper=Business Day|location=South Africa|date=6 December 2013|archive-date=6 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206224921/http://www.bdlive.co.za/national/2013/12/06/nelson-mandela-to-be-laid-to-rest-on-december-15|url-status=live}}</ref> Approximately 90 representatives of foreign states travelled to South Africa to attend memorial events.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mount|first=Harry|title=Nelson Mandela: the long goodbye|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/nelson-mandela/10506010/Nelson-Mandela-the-long-goodbye.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/nelson-mandela/10506010/Nelson-Mandela-the-long-goodbye.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=11 December 2013|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=9 December 2013|location=London}}{{cbignore}}</ref> It was later revealed that 300 million rand (about 20&nbsp;million dollars) originally earmarked for humanitarian development projects had been redirected to finance the funeral.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nelson Mandela funeral: 'Millions misspent'|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-42224937|work=BBC News|date=4 December 2017|access-date=4 December 2017|archive-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204215705/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-42224937|url-status=live}}</ref> The media was awash with tributes and reminiscences,{{sfn|Ndlovu-Gatsheni|2014|p=917}} while images of tributes to Mandela proliferated across social media.{{sfn|Nelson|2014|p=130}} His US$4.1&nbsp;million estate was left to his widow, other family members, staff, and educational institutions.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.latimes.com/world/worldnow/la-fg-wn-nelson-mandela-will-20140203,0,4680742.story |title=Nelson Mandela leaves $4.1-million estate to family, staff, schools |first=Robyn |last=Dixon |website=Los Angeles Times |date=3 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160127022523/http://www.latimes.com/world/worldnow/la-fg-wn-nelson-mandela-will-20140203-story.html |archive-date=27 January 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>