Manchester

===Museums and galleries===
[[File:Shackleton AEW.JPG|thumb|left|The [[Museum of Science and Industry (Manchester)|Science and Industry Museum]]]]
Manchester's museums celebrate Manchester's Roman history, rich industrial heritage and its role in the [[Industrial Revolution]], the [[textile industry]], the Trade Union movement, [[women's suffrage]] and [[Association football|football]]. A reconstructed part of the Roman fort of Mamucium is open to the public in [[Castlefield]].
[[File:National Football Museum, Cathedral Gardens (geograph 6944591).jpg|thumb|The [[National Football Museum]]]]
The [[Museum of Science and Industry (Manchester)|Science and Industry Museum]], housed in the former [[Liverpool Road railway station (Manchester)|Liverpool Road railway station]], has a large collection of [[steam locomotives]], industrial machinery, aircraft and a replica of the world's first stored computer program (known as the [[Manchester Baby]]).<ref name="mosi">{{cite web|title=Home|url=https://www.scienceandindustrymuseum.org.uk/|publisher=Science and Industry Museum}}</ref> The [[Museum of Transport in Manchester|Museum of Transport]] displays a collection of historic buses and trams.<ref name="gmts">{{cite web |url=http://www.gmts.co.uk/explore/vehicles.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100213222852/http://www.gmts.co.uk/explore/vehicles.html |archive-date=13 February 2010 |title=Vehicle Collection |year=2007 |publisher=Greater Manchester Museum of Transport |access-date=24 July 2009}}</ref> Trafford Park in the neighbouring borough of Trafford is home to [[Imperial War Museum North]].<ref name="iwm">{{cite web |url=http://www.iwm.org.uk/visits/iwm-north |work=iwm.org.uk |year=2013 |title=IWM North |author=[[Imperial War Museum]] |access-date=9 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130301015442/http://www.iwm.org.uk/visits/iwm-north |archive-date=1 March 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Manchester Museum]] opened to the public in the 1880s, has notable [[Egyptology]] and [[natural history]] collections.<ref name="museum">{{cite web|url=http://www.museum.manchester.ac.uk/aboutus/history/ |title=The History of The Manchester Museum |publisher=University of Manchester |access-date=24 July 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090627082857/http://www.museum.manchester.ac.uk/aboutus/history/ |archive-date=27 June 2009 }}</ref>
Other exhibition spaces and museums in Manchester include [[Islington Mill]] in Salford, the [[National Football Museum]] at [[Urbis]], [[Castlefield Gallery]], the Manchester Costume Gallery at [[Platt Fields Park]], the [[People's History Museum]] and the [[Manchester Jewish Museum]].<ref name="virtualmanc">{{cite web |url=http://www.manchestereventsguide.co.uk/section/museums.html |title=Manchester Museums Guide |year=2009 |publisher=Virtual Manchester |access-date=24 July 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090530143656/http://www.manchestereventsguide.co.uk/section/museums.html |archive-date=30 May 2009}}</ref>
[[File:Manchester Art Gallery March 2010.jpg|thumb|left|Manchester Art Gallery]]
The municipally owned [[Manchester Art Gallery]] in Mosley Street houses a permanent collection of European painting and one of Britain's main collections of [[Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood|Pre-Raphaelite]] paintings.<ref name="preraph1">{{cite web |url=http://www.culture24.org.uk/art/tra18176 |title=The Pre-Raphaelite Collections |last=Moss |first=Richard |date=17 October 2003 |publisher=24-Hour Museum |access-date=24 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120909020028/http://www.culture24.org.uk/art/tra18176 |archive-date=9 September 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="preraph2">{{cite book |last=Morris |first=Edward |title=Public art collections in north-west England |publisher=Liverpool University Press |year=2001 |page=118 |isbn=0-85323-527-9}}</ref> In the south of the city, the [[Whitworth Art Gallery]] displays modern art, sculpture and textiles and was voted Museum of the Year in 2015.<ref name="whitworth">{{cite web |url=http://www.whitworth.manchester.ac.uk/collection/ |title=Collection |publisher=Whitworth Gallery |access-date=24 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227113021/http://www.whitworth.manchester.ac.uk/collection/ |archive-date=27 February 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The work of [[Stretford]]-born painter {{nowrap|[[L. S. Lowry]]}}, known for "matchstick" paintings of industrial Manchester and Salford, can be seen in the City and Whitworth Manchester galleries, and at [[the Lowry]] art centre in [[Salford Quays]] (in the neighbouring borough of Salford), which devotes a large permanent exhibition to his works.<ref name="lowry">{{cite web |url=http://www.thelowry.com/ls-lowry/the-ls-lowry-collection/ |title=The Lowry Collection |year=2009 |publisher=The Lowry |access-date=24 July 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100330200042/http://www.thelowry.com/ls-lowry/the-ls-lowry-collection/ |archive-date=30 March 2010}}</ref>