Yoruba people

== Demographics ==
=== Benin ===
Estimates of the Yoruba in Benin vary from around 1.1 to 1.5 million people. The Yoruba are the main group in the [[Benin]] department of [[Ouémé Department|Ouémé]], all Subprefectures including [[Porto-Novo|Porto Novo]] (Ajasè), [[Adjarra|Adjara]]; [[Collines Department|Collines Province]], all subprefectures including [[Savè]], [[Dassa-Zoumé|Dassa-Zoume]], [[Bantè|Bante]], [[Tchetti]], [[Gouka, Benin|Gouka]]; [[Plateau Department|Plateau Province]], all Subprefectures including [[Kétou, Benin|Kétou]], [[Sakété]], [[Pobè]]; [[Borgou Department|Borgou Province]], Tchaourou Subprefecture including [[Tchaourou]]; [[Donga Department|Donga Province]], [[Bassila]] Subprefecture.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Akintoye |first=S. A. |title=A history of the Yoruba people |date=2010 |publisher=Amalion Publishing |isbn=978-2-35926-005-2 |oclc=800208826}}</ref>

;Places
The chief Yoruba cities or towns in Benin are: [[Porto-Novo]] (Ajase), [[Ouèssè]] (Wese), [[Kétou, Benin|Ketu]], [[Savé]] (Tchabe), [[Tchaourou]] (Shaworo), [[Bantè]]-[[Akpassi]], [[Bassila]], [[Adjarra]], [[Adja-Ouèrè]] (Aja Were), [[Sakété]] (Itchakete), [[Ifangni]] (Ifonyi), [[Pobè]], [[Dassa-Zoumé|Dassa]] (Idatcha), [[Glazoue]] (Gbomina), Ipinle, [[Aledjo-Koura]], [[Aworo]] etc.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ekimogundescendant.org/yoruba-people-towns-and-cities/|title=Yoruba People Towns and Cities|last=Descendant|first=Ekimogun|access-date=25 January 2020}}</ref>

===Ghana===
There exists an old and thriving Yoruba community in Ghana tracing back to more than three centuries of establishment.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/celebrate-200-years-in-ghana.html/ |title=Yorubas to celebrate 200 years in Ghana |newspaper=Graphic Online |date=9 Nov 2013}}</ref> The presence of Yoruba people in Ghana traces back to before the concept of the modern Ghanaian nation and are therefore Ghanaian citizens by law. The Yoruba communities became established through various waves and layers for centuries before the colonial era. The earliest wave were long distance merchants, artisans, labourers and explorers who settled in both southern and northern Ghanaian locales such as Salaga, Sekondi-Takoradi, Kumasi, Accra ([[Jamestown/Usshertown, Accra|Jamestown]], Ngleshie Alata, [[Tudu, Ghana|Tudu]]), [[Yendi]], Tamale, Kintampo, [[Nandom]]. In Ngleshie Alata (A corruption of English ' ''Alata'' ', the Fante and Ga word for Yoruba people based on the region where the majority came from) and the area around the [[Fort James, Ghana|James Fort]], the Yoruba presence dates back to 1673 when they were employed to build the fort and settled in large numbers on the eastern coastal region. It is on record that the first '''Alata Akutso Mantse'' ' or Alata division head, a Yoruba speaker named ''Ojo'' employed by the [[Royal African Company]] ascended an Accra royal stool becoming head of the Alata quarter of James Town in 1748.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6ZB2CgAAQBAJ&dq=Ngleshie+fort+Yoruba&pg=PA82|title=Gold Coast Diasporas: Identity, Culture, and Power|author=Walter C. Rucker|publisher=Indiana University Press|page=82|year=2015|isbn=978-0-253-01694-2}}</ref> - A position his descendants continue to hold to this very day.

In the popular 18th century Gonja [[Salaga Slave Market]], the Yoruba residents of the town would not allow their fellow countrymen captured and brought to the markets to be sold to the Ashantis who would march them to the coast. Rather, they would barter for the release of the Yoruba captives who would in turn work for their benefactors as tradesmen until they earned their release.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TrpZAAAAYAAJ&q=salaga+oyo+yoruba |title=Yoruba in Ghana - The Nigerian Journal of Economic and Social Studies|date=1975|publisher=Nigerian Economic Society}}</ref> This earliest wave was followed by an intermediate wave of slave returnees who were predominantly of Yoruba descent like the Taboms/Agudas who settled along the Ghanaian coast.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T_sHRCc3QNwC&pg=PA125|title=Tabom. The Afro-Brazilian Community in Ghana|author=Marco Aurelio Schaumloeffel|publisher=Lulu.com|page=125|year=2014|isbn=978-1-847-9901-36}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://beegeagle.wordpress.com/2010/04/28/ghanathe-tabonyoruba-descendantsof-accra/ | title=Ghana:The Tabon (Yoruba descendants)of Accra| date=2010-04-28}}</ref>
Then came the third wave who came during the Gold Coast colonial period. By this period, they had firmly entrenched themselves in the country's commerce and distribution systems and constituted a substantial percentage of merchants and traders in the country's large markets as proprietors of wholesale enterprises. They were the largest group of immigrants established in the pre-independence [[Gold Coast (British colony)|Gold Coast]]. In 1950 they constituted 15% of traders in Accra, 23% in Kumasi, and over a third in Tamale.<ref>{{Cite book|last= Eades |first=J.S. |title=Yoruba migrants, markets and the state in Northern Ghana |date=1945 |publisher=Africa World Press Inc |isbn=0-86543-419-0}}</ref> They were usually referred to in southern Ghana as; Yoruba, ''Lagosian'', ''Alata,'' or ''Anago''.<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1525/ae.1977.4.4.02a00020/ |title=cognitive maps of the ethnic domain in urban Ghana: reflections on variability and change|date=1977|doi=10.1525/ae.1977.4.4.02a00020|last1=Sanjek|first1=Roger|journal=American Ethnologist|volume=4|issue=4|pages=603–622}}</ref> It was the early stream of this wave in the 1830s that established places like [[Accra New Town]] which was previously known as Lagos town and before then as Araromi.

There is no codification for the Yoruba ethnicity in the most recent Ghanaian censuses but in previous ones, they were considered an indigenous Ghanaian group with origins outside modern Ghana. In the 1960 Ghanaian population census, there were 109,090 Yorubas. Of this figure; 100,560 were Yoruba '''proper'' ' while 8,530 were [[Ana people|Atakpame]] (Ana).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED059936.pdf| title=Area Handbook for Ghana| date=1971}}</ref> This represented 1.6% of the Ghanaian population.

===Nigeria===
The Yorubas are the main ethnic groups in the Nigerian states of [[Ekiti State, Nigeria|Ekiti]], [[Ogun State, Nigeria|Ogun]], [[Ondo State, Nigeria|Ondo]], [[Osun State, Nigeria|Osun]], [[Kwara State|Kwara]] {{·}} [[Oyo State, Nigeria|Oyo]], [[Lagos State|Lagos]], and the [[Kogi West Senatorial District|Western Third]] of [[Kogi State]], and can be found as a minority population to varying proportions in; [[Delta State]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fao.org/3/an071e/an071e.pdf |title=FAO Ethnic study of the Benin river Estuary Area 1991, Pg.V, 57.6% Itsekiri, 23.6% Ilaje |date=9 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201003250371.html/ |title=Ilajes in Delta Seek More Projects |date=12 March 2014 }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://punchng.com/ilaje-communities-seek-inclusion-in-fg-dredging-of-escravos-warri-river/ |title=Ilaje communities seek inclusion in FG dredging of Escravos –Warri River |date=9 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/local/dogara-reps-move-to-address-ocean-surge-threat-to-delta-communities/xlv6d40/ |title=Reps move to address ocean surge threat to Delta communities |date=11 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://dailypost.ng/2020/07/15/dont-politicize-divert-epz-other-projects-from-our-land-ilaje-communities-tell-fg// |title=Don't politicize, divert EPZ, other projects from our land- Ilaje Communities tell FG |date=11 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://omojuwa.com/2014/03/a-plea-for-the-creation-of-okun-state-olukoya-obafemi/|title=A Plea For the Creation of OKUN State - Olukoya Obafemi - OMOJUWA.COM|date=11 October 2021}}</ref> and [[Edo State|Edo]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.udfchicago.net/charity-organization-the-people-of-ode-awure-usen|title=About the people of Ode Awure (Usen)|date=11 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/40012591.pdf|title=Edo South also comprises mainly the Bini ethnic group. There are however some Ijaw, Itsekiri, Urhobo and Yoruba communities in this senatorial district.|date=11 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/415354-election-30-notable-things-you-need-to-know-about-edo.html|title=Ethnography of Edo South.|date=11 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.edoworld.net/Edotourismlanguage.html|title=Yoruba- speaking minority communities in Ovia North East and South West Local Government Area.|date=11 October 2021}}</ref>

;Places
The chief Yoruba cities or towns in Nigeria are: [[Abeokuta|Abẹokuta]], [[Ogun Waterside|Abigi]], [[Ado-Awaye]], [[Ado-Ekiti]], [[Ado-Odo]], [[Agbaja]], [[Ago Iwoye|Ago iwoye]], [[Ajasse Ipo|Ajase ipo]], [[Akungba Akoko|Akungba-akoko]], [[Akure|Akurẹ]], [[Atan Ota|Atan-otta]], [[Afijio|Aawe, Oyo]], [[Ayetoro|Ayetoro Yewa]], [[Ayetoro gbede]], [[Ibarapa people|Ayete]], [[Badagry]], [[Ede, Nigeria|Ede]], [[Effon-Alaiye|Efon-alaaye]], [[Egbe]], [[Ejigbo]], [[Emure|Emure-ekiti]], [[Epe, Nigeria|Epe]], [[Erin-Ile, Kwara|Erin-ile]], [[Eruwa]], [[Esa-Oke|Esa-oke]], [[Esie]], [[Afijio|Fiditi]], [[Igbaja]], [[Gbongan]], [[Ibadan]], [[Ibokun]], [[Idanre]], [[Idere]], [[Idiroko|Idi-iroko]], [[Idoani|Ido-ani]], [[Ido Ekiti|Ido-ekiti]], [[Ife South|Ifetedo]], [[Ifo, Ogun State|Ifo]], [[Ose, Nigeria|Ifon (Ondo)]], [[Ifon Osun]], [[Ibarapa North|Igangan]], [[Iwajowa|Iganna]], [[Igbeti]], [[Igboho]], [[Igbo-Ora|Igbo-ora]], [[Igbara-Oke]], [[Ijare]], [[Ijebu Igbo|Ijẹbu-igbo]], [[Ijebu-Jesa|Ijebu-Ijesha]], [[Ijebu Ode]], [[Ijede]], [[Ijero|Ijero-ekiti]], [[Ijoko]], [[Ikare|Ikare-akoko]], [[Ikenne]], [[Ikere-Ekiti|Ikere-ekiti]], [[Ikire]], [[Ikirun]], [[Ikole|Ikole-ekiti]], [[Ikorodu]], [[Ila Orangun|Ila-orangun]], [[Ilaje]], [[Ilaro]], [[Ilawe Ekiti|Ilawe-ekiti]], [[Ife|Ilé-Ifẹ]], [[Ile Oluji/Okeigbo|Ile-oluji]], [[Ilesa]], [[Illah Bunu]], [[Ilishan-Remo|Ilishan]], [[Ilobu]], [[Ilorin|Ilọrin]], [[Imeko Afon|Imeko]], [[Imesi-ile]], [[Imota]], [[Inisa]], [[Iperu Remo|Iperu]], [[Ipetu-Ijesha]], [[Ipetumodu]], [[Iragbiji]], [[Iree]], [[Isarun|Isharun]], [[Yagba East|Isanlu]], [[Ise Ekiti|Ise-ekiti]], [[Iseyin]], [[Akure North|Itaogbolu]], [[Iwo, Osun|Iwo]], [[Ijumu|Iyara]], [[Jebba]], [[Kabba]], [[Kisi, Nigeria|Kishi]], [[Lagos|Lagos (Eko)]], [[Lalupon]], [[Ibarapa people|Lanlate]], [[Lokoja]], [[Modakeke]], [[Mopa, Nigeria|Mopa]], [[Obajana]], [[Obokun]], [[Ode-Irele]], [[Odeomu|Ode-omu]], [[Odigbo|Ore]], [[Odogbolu]], [[Offa, Kwara|Offa]], [[Ogbomoso]], [[Ogere Remo|Ogere-remo]], [[Ogidi, Kogi State|Ogidi-ijumu]], [[Ojo, Lagos|Ojo]], [[Oka, Akoko|Oka-akoko]], [[Kajola|Okeho]], [[Ile Oluji/Okeigbo|Oke-Igbo]], [[Okemesi]], [[Okitipupa]], [[Okuku, Osun State|Okuku]], [[Irepodun, Kwara|Omu Aran]], [[Omuo]], [[Ondo City|Ondo City (Ode Ondo)]], [[Osogbo]], [[Osu (town)|Osu]], [[Otan Ayegbaju]], [[Ota, Ogun|Ota]], [[Moba, Nigeria|Otun-ekiti]], [[Owo]], [[Obafemi Owode|Owode]], [[Oyan]], [[Oyo, Oyo|Ọyọ]], [[Shagamu]], [[Shaki, Oyo|Shaki]], [[Share, Kwara|Share]], [[Atisbo|Tede]], [[Ipele|Upele]], [[Ido-Osi|Usi-ekiti]].

===Togo===
Estimates of the Yoruba in [[Togo]] vary from around 500,000 to 600,000 people. There are both immigrant Yoruba communities from Nigeria, and indigenous ancestral Yoruba communities living in Togo. [[association football|Football]]er [[Emmanuel Adebayor]] is an example of a Togolese from an immigrant Yoruba background. Indigenous Yoruba communities in Togo, however can be found in the Togolese departments of [[Plateaux Region, Togo|Plateaux Region]], [[Anié|Anie]], [[Ogou Prefecture|Ogou]] and [[Est-Mono Prefecture|Est-Mono]] prefectures; [[Centrale Region, Togo|Centrale Region]] ([[Tchamba Prefecture]]). The chief Yoruba cities or towns in Togo are: [[Atakpame]], [[Anié]], [[Morita, Togo|Morita (Moretan)]], [[Ofe]], [[Elavagnon]], [[Goubi]], [[Kambole]], [[Akpare]], [[Kamina, Togo|Kamina]].

===West Africa (other)===
The Yoruba in [[Burkina Faso]] are numbered around 77,000 people, and around 80,000 in [[Niger]]. In the [[Ivory Coast]], they are concentrated in the cities of [[Abidjan]] (Treichville, Adjamé), Bouake, Korhogo, Grand Bassam and Gagnoa where they are mostly employed in retail at major markets.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Adesina |first1=Y. R. |last2=Adebayo |first2=P. F. |date=2009 |title=Yoruba Traders in Cote D'Ivoire: A Study of the Role Migrant Settlers in the Process of Economic Relations in West Africa |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/afrrev/article/view/43614 |journal=African Research Review |language=en |volume=3 |issue=2 |doi=10.4314/afrrev.v3i2.43614 |issn=2070-0083|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://blogdesproductions.wordpress.com/2016/05/23/cote-divoire-commerce-les-secrets-de-la-reussite-des-femmes-yoruba/|title=Côte d'ivoire: Commerce, les secrets de la réussite des femmes yoruba|first=Flamme|last=d'Afrique|date=23 May 2016}}</ref> Otherwise known as "Anago traders", they dominate certain sectors of the retail economy and number at least 135,000 people.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.peoplegroups.org/explore/ClusterDetails.aspx?rop2=C0233#topmenu/|title=People Name: Yoruba of Cote D'Ivoire}}</ref>

=== The Yoruba diaspora ===
{{See also|Yoruba American|Nigerian American|Nigerian diaspora|British Nigerian|Nigerians in Ireland|Nigerian Australian}}

[[File:African Languages Spoken in American Households.jpg|thumb|350px|right|African Languages Spoken in American Households (2019)<ref name="United States Census Bureau">{{cite web |url=https://data.census.gov/mdat/#/search?ds=ACSPUMS1Y2022&rv=LANP&wt=PWGTP|title=African languages spoken in American Households, 2020. |publisher= United States Census Bureau}}</ref>]]
Yoruba people or descendants can be found all over the world especially in the United Kingdom, Canada, the United States, Brazil, Latin America, and the [[Caribbean]] (especially in Cuba).<ref name="gender">{{cite book|author1=Judith Ann-Marie Byfield|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C6_aWWN5aoUC&q=Yoruba+slaves+Brazil&pg=PA145|title=Gendering the African Diaspora: Women, Culture, and Historical Change in the Caribbean and Nigerian Hinterland (Blacks in the diaspora): Slavery in Yorubaland|author2=LaRay Denzer|author3=Anthea Morrison|publisher=Indiana University Press|year=2010|isbn=978-0-253-35416-7|page=145}}</ref><ref name="history">{{cite book|author=Andrew Apter|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LxIaBwAAQBAJ&q=Yoruba+people+Brazil+Cuba&pg=PA101|title=Activating the Past: History and Memory in the Black Atlantic World|author2=Lauren Derby|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|year=2009|isbn=978-1-4438-1790-5|page=101}}</ref><ref name=pedia>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pY8YAAAAIAAJ&q=Nago+Lucumi+Yoruba+United+States|title=Encyclopedia of Black studies|page=481|author=Molefi K. Asante|author2=Ama Mazama|date=26 December 2006|publisher=Sage Publications; University of Michigan|isbn=978-0-7619-2762-4}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |work=Penn Language center |title=Yoruba |url=https://plc.sas.upenn.edu/yoruba |publisher=University of Pennsylvania |access-date=28 February 2014}}</ref> Significant Yoruba communities can be found in South America and Australia.

[[File:Comemoração ao Dia da Consciência Negra (37656419255).jpg|thumb|left|180px|Commemoration of Black consciousness, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]]
In the United States, similar to its status on the African continent, the Yoruba language is the most spoken African [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger-Congo]] language by native speakers. It is the most spoken African language in; Delaware, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Mississippi, New Hampshire, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Texas and West Virginia. It constitutes the second largest African linguistic community in; Georgia, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Mississippi, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island and Washington, D.C. with over 207,000 speakers in 2022.<ref name="United States Census Bureau"/>

The migration of Yoruba people all over the world has led to  a spread of the Yoruba culture across the globe. Yoruba people have historically been spread around the globe by the combined forces of the [[Atlantic slave trade]]<ref name="saunders">{{cite book|author=Nicholas J. Saunders|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XNbqUR_IoOMC&pg=PA209|title=The Peoples of the Caribbean: An Encyclopedia of Archeology and Traditional Culture|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2005|isbn=978-1-57607-701-6|page=209}}</ref><ref name=cabrera>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5i5ZBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA43 |title=Lydia Cabrera and the Construction of an Afro-Cuban Cultural Identity Envisioning Cuba |author=Edna M. Rodríguez-Plate |publisher=University of North Carolina Press |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-8078-7628-2 |page=43}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TFpiCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA250 |title=African Traditional Religion in the Modern World |page=258 |author=Douglas E. Thomas |publisher=McFarland |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-7864-9607-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TJ3vI7ryh8cC&pg=PA134 |title=Yoruba Creativity: Fiction, Language, Life and Songs |author1=Toyin Falola |author2=Ann Genova |publisher=Africa World Press |year=2005 |isbn=978-1-59221-336-8 |page=134}}</ref> and voluntary self migration.<ref name="nicholas">{{Cite book |author=Nicholas J. Saunders |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XNbqUR_IoOMC&pg=PA209 |title=The Peoples of the Caribbean: An Encyclopedia of Archeology and Traditional Culture |publisher=ABC-CLIO |year=2005 |isbn=978-1-57607-701-6 |page=209}}</ref> Their exact population outside Africa is unknown. Yorubas are overrepresented in the genetic studies of [[African Americans]] and are not the largest contributors of African American DNA by any means.<ref>{{cite journal |last1= Jackson |first1= Fatimah |date= 2021|title= So many Nigerians: why is Nigeria overrepresented as the ancestral genetic homeland of Legacy African North Americans? |journal= American Journal of Human Genetics |volume= 108|issue= 1|pages= 202–208|doi= 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.10.010|pmid= 33321100 |pmc= 7820629 }}</ref> In their Atlantic world domains, the Yorubas were known by the designations: "[[Nagos]]/Anago", "Terranova", "[[Lucumí people#Demographics|Lucumi]]" and "[[Oku people (Sierra Leone)|Aku]]", or by the names of their various clans.

The Yoruba left an important presence in Cuba and Brazil,<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HwcdAQAAMAAJ |title=Orient Occident. News of Unesco's Major Project on Mutual Appreciation of Eastern and Western Cultural Values, Volumes 5–8|page=9|publisher=UNESCO (University of Michigan)|year=1962}}</ref> particularly in [[Havana]] and [[Bahia]].<ref name=urban>{{cite book |url =https://books.google.com/books?id=Vxx0F6zZUfwC&pg=PA50 |title=Black Urban Atlantic in the Age of the Slave Trade (The Early Modern Americas) |author1=Jorge Canizares-Esguerra |author2=Matt D. Childs|author3=James Sidbury |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |year=2013 |isbn=978-0-8122-0813-9 |page=50}}</ref> According to a 19th-century report, "the Yoruba are, still today, the most numerous and influential in this state of [[Bahia]].<ref name="diaspora">{{cite book|author1=[[Melvin Ember]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7QEjPVyd9YMC&pg=PA318|title=Encyclopedia of Diasporas: Immigrant and Refugee Cultures Around the World|author2=[[Carol R. Ember]]|author3=Ian Skoggard|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|year=2004|isbn=978-0-306-4832-19|page=318}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dg1yAAAAMAAJ&q=yoruba+people+diaspora+demographics+population+in+south+america|title=African Studies for the 21st Century|author=Jacob U. Gordon|publisher=Nova Science Publishers (University of Michigan)|year=2004|isbn=978-1-594-5410-32|page=111}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=owVmcTlC-oIC&q=Yoruba+slaves+Brazil&pg=PA24|page=24|isbn=978-0-8263-4051-1|title=From Slavery to Freedom in Brazil: Bahia, 1835–1900 (Dialogos Series)|author=Dale Torston Graden|year=2006|publisher=The University of New Mexico}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JsCYBgAAQBAJ&q=Yoruba+in+Bahia|title=The Development of Yoruba Candomble Communities in Salvador, Bahia, 1835–1986 Afro-Latin@ Diasporas|author=Miguel C. Alonso|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|year=2014|isbn=978-1-137-48643-1}}</ref> The most numerous are those from [[Oyo-Ile|Oyo]], capital of the Yoruba kingdom".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.novaera.blog.br/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&catid=6:candomble&id=17:presenca-dos-iorubas-no-conjunto-de-influencias-africanas-no-brasil&Itemid=2 |title=Presence of the Yoruba African influences in Brazil |language=pt |website=Nova Era |access-date=1 May 2014 |archive-date=8 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141108013848/http://www.novaera.blog.br/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&catid=6:candomble&id=17:presenca-dos-iorubas-no-conjunto-de-influencias-africanas-no-brasil&Itemid=2 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=The diaspora of speakers of Yoruba, 1650–1865: Dimensions and implications|journal=Topoi|url=http://www.revistatopoi.org/numeros_anteriores/topoi13/Topoi%2013_artigo%201.pdf|year=2006|volume=7|number=13|author=David Eltis|language=pt|access-date=1 May 2014|archive-date=16 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116143350/http://www.revistatopoi.org/numeros_anteriores/topoi13/Topoi%2013_artigo%201.pdf}}</ref> Others included Ijexa ([[Ijesha]]), [[Lucumí people|Lucumi]], Ota ([[Awori tribe|Aworis]]), [[Candomblé Ketu|Ketus]], Ekitis, Jebus ([[Ijebu Kingdom|Ijebu]]), Egba, Lucumi Ecumacho ([[Ogbomosho]]), and [[Nagos|Anagos]]. In the documents dating from 1816 to 1850, Yorubas constituted 69.1% of all slaves whose ethnic origins were known, constituting 82.3% of all slaves from the [[Bight of Benin]]. The proportion of slaves from West-Central Africa (Angola – Congo) dropped drastically to just 14.7%.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Uk1Tbdsq99gC|title=The Yoruba Diaspora in the Atlantic World (Blacks in the Diaspora)|author1=Toyin Falola|author2=Matt D. Childs|publisher=Indiana University Press, 2005|isbn=978-0-253-00301-0|date=2 May 2005}}</ref>

Between 1831 and 1852, the African-born slave and free population of [[Salvador, Bahia]] surpassed that of free Brazil born Creoles. Meanwhile, between 1808 and 1842 an average of 31.3% of African-born freed persons had been [[Nagos]] (Yoruba). Between 1851 and 1884, the number had risen to a dramatic 73.9%.

Other areas that received a significant number of Yoruba people and are sites of Yoruba influence are: [[The Bahamas]], [[Puerto Rico]], the [[Dominican Republic]], [[Saint Lucia]], [[Grenada]], [[Santa Margarita, Trinidad and Tobago]], [[Belize]], [[Guyana]], [[Haiti]], [[Jamaica]]<ref name="Jamaica">{{cite book|author=Olive Senior|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=URx7AAAAMAAJ&q=yoruba+slaves+in+jamaica|title=Encyclopedia of Jamaican Heritage|publisher=University of Michigan (Twin Guinep Publishers)|year=2003 |isbn=978-976-8007-14-8|page=343}}</ref> (where they settled and established such places as Abeokuta, Naggo head in [[Portmore, Jamaica|Portmore]], and by their hundreds in other parishes like [[Hanover Parish|Hanover]] and [[Westmoreland Parish|Westmoreland]], both in western Jamaica- leaving behind practices such as Ettu from ''Etutu'', the Yoruba ceremony of atonement among other customs of people bearing the same name, and certain aspects of [[Kumina#Organization|Kumina]] such as [[Shango|Sango]] veneration),<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e3mdhCNLo9cC&pg=PA105|page=105|title=Jamaica in Slavery and Freedom: History, Heritage and Culture|author1=Kathleen E. A. Monteith|author2=Glen Richards|publisher=University of the West Indies Press|year=2001|isbn=978-976-640-108-5}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9M4Wtsh8di4C&pg=PT18|title=A Comparative Analysis of Jamaican Creole and Nigerian Pidgin English|author=Pamela Odimegwu |year=2012 |publisher=Pamela Odimegwu |isbn=978-1-4781-5890-5}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qXavxrsgZ2AC&pg=PA59|title=The Language, Ethnicity and Race Reader|author1=Roxy Harris|author2-link=Ben Rampton|author2=Ben Rampton|publisher=Psychology Press|page=59|year=2003|isbn=978-0-415-27601-6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-r1qAAAAMAAJ|title=Freedom to be: The Abolition of Slavery in Jamaica and Its Aftermath|author=Urban Development Corporation (Jamaica)|publisher=University of Texas (National Library of Jamaica)|year=1984|isbn=978-976-8020-00-0}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r0gYAAAAYAAJ |page=91 |title=Jamaica Journal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407162251/https://books.google.com/books?id=r0gYAAAAYAAJ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |journal=Jamaica Journal |volume=27-28 |publisher=Institute of Jamaica (the University of Virginia) |year=2000 |quote=the settlement of Central Africans, Notably in St. Thomas parish in the east, and of Nago or Yoruba in Westmoreland and Hanover parishes in the west. <!-- that's the damn quote, but Google won't give the page, volume, issue, date, or article title. -->}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tF0YAAAAYAAJ |title=Roots of Jamaican culture |author=Mervyn C. Alleyne |publisher=Pluto Press (the University of Virginia) |year=1988 |isbn=978-0-7453-0245-4}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.geocities.ws/shandycan/Africanretentions_Jamaica.html|title=Africanretentions_Jamaica-_ettu_nago|first=Hazel|last=Campbell|website=CaribbeanWriter |via=geocities.ws}}</ref> [[Barbados]], [[Montserrat]], etc.

On 31 July 2020, the [[Yoruba World Congress]] joined the [[Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization]] (UNPO).<ref name=unpowelcomes5newmembers>{{cite web |title=UNPO Welcomes 5 New Members! |work=unpo.org|date=3 August 2020 |url=https://unpo.org/article/22010 |access-date=7 August 2020}}</ref><ref name=guam>{{cite web |title=Guam: Territory to be Inducted into UNPO |work=unpo.org |date=31 July 2020 |url=https://unpo.org/article/22015 |access-date=7 August 2020}}</ref>