Wicca

===Adaptation and spread, 1960–present===
[[File:Wiccan event in the US (0).PNG|thumb|Wiccan event in the US]]
Following Gardner's death in 1964, the Craft continued to grow unabated despite sensationalism and negative portrayals in British tabloids, with new traditions being propagated by figures like [[Robert Cochrane (witch)|Robert Cochrane]], [[Sybil Leek]], and most importantly [[Alex Sanders (Wiccan)|Alex Sanders]], whose [[Alexandrian Wicca]], which was predominantly based upon Gardnerian Wicca, albeit with an emphasis placed on [[ceremonial magic]], spread quickly and gained much media attention. Around this time, the term "Wicca" began to be commonly adopted over "Witchcraft" and the faith was exported to countries like [[Australia]] and the [[United States]].{{citation needed|date=April 2019}}

During the 1970s, a new generation joined Wicca who had been influenced by the [[counterculture of the 1960s]].{{sfn|Crowley|1998|p=176}} Many brought [[environmentalism|environmentalist]] ideas with them into the movement, as reflected by the formation of groups like the UK-based [[Pagans Against Nukes]].{{sfn|Crowley|1998|p=176}}
In the U.S., [[Victor Henry Anderson|Victor Anderson]], Cora Anderson, and [[Gwydion Pendderwen]] established the [[Feri Tradition]].{{sfn|Pearson|1998|p=38}}

It was in the United States and in Australia that new, home-grown traditions, sometimes based upon earlier, regional folk-magical traditions and often mixed with the basic structure of Gardnerian Wicca, began to develop, including [[Victor Henry Anderson|Victor Anderson]]'s [[Feri Tradition]], [[Joseph Bearwalker Wilson|Joseph Wilson's]] [[1734 Tradition]], [[Aidan A. Kelly|Aidan Kelly]]'s [[New Reformed Orthodox Order of the Golden Dawn]], and eventually [[Zsuzsanna Budapest]]'s [[Dianic Wicca]], each of which emphasised different aspects of the faith.<ref name="NewPagans">{{cite book |title=The New Pagans |first=Hans |last=Holzer |author-link=Hans Holzer |publisher=Doubleday |location=Garden City, NY |year=1972 |oclc=281240}}</ref> It was also around this time that books teaching people how to become Witches themselves without formal initiation or training began to emerge, among them [[Paul Huson]]'s ''[[Mastering Witchcraft]]'' (1970) and ''Lady Sheba's Book of Shadows'' (1971). Similar books continued to be published throughout the 1980s and 1990s, fuelled by the writings of such authors as [[Doreen Valiente]], [[Janet Farrar]], [[Stewart Farrar]], and [[Scott Cunningham]], who popularised the idea of self-initiation into the Craft. Among witches in Canada, anthropologist [[Heather Botting]] (née Harden) of the University of Victoria was the first recognized Wiccan chaplain of a public university.<ref>{{cite web |last=Todd |first=Douglas |url=http://blogs.vancouversun.com/2010/12/16/pagans-celebrate-solstice-with-yule-rituals/ |title=University of Victoria chaplain marks solstice with pagan rituals &#124; Vancouver Sun |publisher=Blogs.vancouversun.com |access-date=2 May 2013 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003002/http://blogs.vancouversun.com/2010/12/16/pagans-celebrate-solstice-with-yule-rituals/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> She is the original high priestess of [[Coven Celeste]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aquariantabernaclechurch.org/atc-affiliates-canada |title=ATC Affiliates – Canada |publisher=Aquarian Tabernacle Church |access-date=2 May 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510122431/http://www.aquariantabernaclechurch.org/atc-affiliates-canada |archive-date=10 May 2013}}</ref>

In the 1990s, amid ever-rising numbers of self-initiates, the popular media began to explore "witchcraft" in fictional films like ''[[The Craft (film)|The Craft]]'' (1996) and television series like ''[[Charmed]]'' (1998–2006), introducing numbers of young people to the idea of religious witchcraft. This growing demographic was soon catered to through the [[Internet]] and by authors like [[Silver RavenWolf]], much to the criticism of traditional Wiccan groups and individuals. In response to the way that Wicca was increasingly portrayed as trendy, eclectic, and influenced by the [[New Age]] movement, many Witches turned to the pre-Gardnerian origins of the Craft, and to the traditions of his rivals like Cardell and Cochrane, describing themselves as following "[[Neopagan witchcraft|traditional witchcraft]]". Groups within this Traditional Witchcraft revival included [[Andrew D. Chumbley|Andrew Chumbley]]'s Cultus Sabbati and the Cornish Ros an Bucca coven.{{citation needed|date=April 2019}}