Original sin

==References==

===Notes===
{{ibid|date=April 2022}}
{{notelist|refs=
{{efn| name=mcfar|{{harvnb|McFarland|2011|p=30, n. 5}} additionally cites "2 Enoch 41 (cf. 30–2); Apocalypse of Abraham 23–4; 2 Baruch 48:42; 54:15; 56:5–6; and 4 Ezra 3:21–3; 4:30; 7:11–12, 116–18".}}

{{efn|name=Aug|Augustine taught that Adam's sin was both an act of foolishness ({{lang|la|insipientia}}) and of pride and disobedience to God of Adam and Eve. He thought it was a most subtle job to discern what came first: self-centeredness or failure in seeing truth. Augustine wrote to [[Julian of Eclanum]]: {{lang|la|"Sed si disputatione subtilissima et elimatissima opus est, ut sciamus utrum primos homines insipientia superbos, an insipientes superbia fecerit."}} ({{lang|la|Contra Julianum}}, V, 4.18; PL 44, 795). This particular sin would not have taken place if [[Satan]] had not sown into their senses "the root of evil" ({{lang|la|radix Mali}}): {{lang|la|"Nisi radicem mali humanus tunc reciperet sensus"}} ({{lang|la|Contra Julianum}}, I, 9.42; PL 44, 670)}}

{{efn|name=ThomAqu|[[Thomas Aquinas]] explained Augustine's doctrine pointing out that the {{lang|la|libido}} ("concupiscence"), which makes the original sin pass from parents to children, is not a {{lang|la|libido actualis}}, i.e. sexual lust, but {{lang|la|libido habitualis}}, i.e. a wound of the whole of human nature: {{lang|la|"Libido quae transmittit peccatum originale in prolem, non est libido actualis, quia dato quod virtute divina concederetur alicui quod nullam inordinatam libidinem in actu generationis sentiret, adhuc transmitteret in prolem originale peccatum. Sed libido illa est intelligenda habitualiter, secundum quod appetitus sensitivus non continetur sub ratione vinculo originalis iustitiae. Et talis libido in omnibus est aequalis".}} (STh Iª–IIae q. 82 a. 4 ad 3).}}

{{efn|name=Non substantialiter|{{lang|la|"Non substantialiter manere concupiscentiam, sicut corpus aliquod aut spiritum; sed esse affectionem quamdam malae qualitatis, sicut est languor".}} ({{lang|la|De nuptiis et concupiscentia}}, I, 25. 28; PL 44, 430; cf. {{lang|la|Contra Julianum}}, VI, 18.53; PL 44, 854; ibid. VI, 19.58; PL 44, 857; ibid., II, 10.33; PL 44, 697; {{lang|la|Contra Secundinum Manichaeum}}, 15; PL 42, 590.}}

{{efn|name=Aug2|Augustine wrote to [[Julian of Eclanum]]: {{lang|la|"Quis enim negat futurum fuisse concubitum, etiamsi peccatum non praecessisset? Sed futurus fuerat, sicut aliis membris, ita etiam genitalibus voluntate motis, non libidine concitatis; aut certe etiam ipsa libidine – ut non vos de illa nimium contristemus – non qualis nunc est, sed ad nutum voluntarium serviente".}} ({{lang|la|Contra Julianum}}, IV. 11. 57; PL 44, 766). See also his late work: {{lang|la|Contra secundam Iuliani responsionem imperfectum opus}}, II, 42; PL 45,1160; ibid. II, 45; PL 45,1161; ibid., VI, 22; PL 45, 1550–1551. Cf. {{harvnb|Schmitt|1983|p=104}}}}

{{efn|name=Sex|Sexual desire is, according to bishop of Hippo, only one – though the strongest – of many physical realisations of that spiritual libido: {{lang|la|"Cum igitur sint multarum libidines rerum, tamen, cum libido dicitur neque cuius rei libido sit additur, non fere assolet animo occurrere nisi illa, qua obscenae partes corporis excitantur. Haec autem sibi non solum totum corpus nec solum extrinsecus, verum etiam intrinsecus vindicat totumque commovet hominem animi simul affectu cum carnis appetitu coniuncto atque permixto, ut ea voluptas sequatur, qua maior in corporis voluptatibus nulla est; ita ut momento ipso temporis, quo ad eius pervenitur extremum, paene omnis acies et quasi vigilia cogitationis obruatur".}} ({{lang|la|De civitate Dei}}, XIV, 16; CCL 48, 438–439 [1–10]). See also: {{harvnb|Schmitt|1983|p=97}}. See also Augustine's: {{lang|la|De continentia}}, 8.21; PL 40, 363; {{lang|la|Contra Iulianum}} VI, 19.60; PL 44, 859; ibid. IV, 14.65, z.2, s. 62; PL 44, 770; {{lang|la|[[De Trinitate]]}}, XII, 9. 14; CCL 50, 368 [verse: IX 1–8]; {{lang|la|De Genesi contra Manicheos}}, II, 9.12, s. 60; [[CSEL]] 91, 133 [v. 31–35]).}}

{{efn|name=Regeneratus|{{lang|la|"Regeneratus quippe non regenerat filios carnis, sed generat; ac per hoc in eos non quod regeneratus, sed quod generatus est, trajicit".}} ({{lang|la|De gratia Christi et de peccato originali}}, II, 40.45; CSEL 42, 202[23–25]; PL 44, 407.}}

{{efn|name=De civitate Dei|Cf. {{lang|la|De civitate Dei}}, ch. IX and XIV; ''On the Gospel of John'', LX (Christ's feelings at the death of Lazarus, Jn 11)}}

{{efn|name=Infernum|{{lang|la|Infernum}}, literally "underworld", later identified as [[Limbo#Limbo of Children|limbo]].}}

}}

===Citations===
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=ccc405>Catechism Catholic Church 405</ref>

<ref name=CoT.VI.i>Council of Trent (Sess. VI, cap. i and v)</ref>

<!--unused<ref name=barna.com>[https://www.barna.com/research/americans-draw-theological-beliefs-from-diverse-points-of-view/ Barna: Americans Draw Theological Beliefs From Diverse Points of View]</ref>-->

<ref name=ProfMMNinian>{{cite web|url=http://www.talentshare.org/~mm9n/articles/sindeath/3.htm |title=Original Sin|website=Biblical Apologetic Studies|access-date= 17 May 2014}}</ref>

<ref name="vatican.va">{{Cite web|title=Catechism of the Catholic Church - IntraText|url=https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/__P1C.HTM|website=www.vatican.va|at=405|access-date=2020-05-06}}</ref>
}}