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Do not fill this in! ==Parks and recreation== {{Main|Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board}} [[File:Canoeing by the Franklin Avenue Bridge in Minneapolis.tif|thumb|alt=Seven young people in canoe, shoreline is green, women paddling, all wearing life vests, bridge span and university visible behind them|Canoeing on the Mississippi]] Landscape architect [[Horace Cleveland]]'s "crowning achievement" is the Minneapolis park system.{{sfn|Nadenicek|Neckar|2002|p=[https://archive.org/details/landscapearchite00hwsc/page/n43/mode/2up?q=xxxix xxxix]|loc="With other societal superintendents influenced by the ideals of New England, Cleveland was later able to design and implement his crowning achievement, the Minneapolis Park System."}} In the 1880s, he preserved geographical landmarks and linked them with boulevards and parkways.{{sfn|Nadenicek|Neckar|2002|pp=[https://archive.org/details/landscapearchite00hwsc/page/n45/mode/2up?q=xli xli]|loc="Cleveland successfully linked boulevards, small neighborhood parks of Parisian derivation, prairie ponds with wild islands, and lake-edge parkways"}} In their introduction to a modern reprint of Cleveland's treatise on [[landscape architecture]], Nadenicek and Neckar add that "Cleveland was successful in Minneapolis in great measure because he operated with kindred spirits" like [[William Watts Folwell]] and [[Charles M. Loring]].{{sfn|Nadenicek|Neckar|2002|p=[https://archive.org/details/landscapearchite00hwsc/page/n45/mode/2up?q=xli xli]}} In his book ''The American City: What Works, What Doesn't'', [[Alexander Garvin]] wrote Minneapolis built "the best-located, best-financed, best-designed, and best-maintained public open space in America".{{sfn|Garvin|2013|p=75}} The city's parks are governed and operated by the independent [[Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board]] [[park district]].<ref name=ParkCharter /> Beyond its network of 185 neighborhood parks,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.minneapolisparks.org/parks-destinations/parks-lakes/|title=Parks & Lakes|publisher=[[Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board]]|access-date=July 22, 2023|archive-date=July 22, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722134557/https://www.minneapolisparks.org/parks-destinations/parks-lakes/|url-status=live}}</ref> the park board owns the city's canopy of trees,{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=39|loc=In 1887, the park board "was given broad authority to plant and care for trees along all city streets, not just on park property"}} and nearly all land that borders the city's waterfronts.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=x}} The park board owns property outside the city limits including the Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden and Bird Sanctuary which is part of its largest park, [[Theodore Wirth Park]], shared with [[Golden Valley, Minnesota]].{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=47}} <!--Wirth Park is {{convert|759|acre|km2}}, 90% of the size of [[New York City]]'s [[Central Park]] at {{convert|843|acre|km2}}. --> [[Theodore Wirth]], park superintendent from 1906 to 1935, built parkways for the automobile, dredged lakes, sculpted land, and managed details of park expansion.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=73|loc="Today, many Minneapolitans think of Wirth as the man who created the Minneapolis park system. In fact, he did notβbut he greatly improved it"}} Superintendent in the 1960s and 1970s, [[Robert W. Ruhe]] created neighborhood parks and recreation centers in hitherto underserved areas.{{sfn|Smith|2008|pp=175, 184, 192β194|loc=Ruhe stopped the state from building a highway through [[Minnehaha Park]], a conflict that the park board appealed to and won in the [[US Supreme Court]]. During Ruhe's tenure, the board learned to accommodate growing public participation, and it became an environmental steward when faced with [[Dutch elm disease]] and improving [[water quality]].}} In 2022, 500 participants<ref>{{cite news|title=Have Teens Returned to the Workforce?|url=https://tcbmag.com/have-teens-returned-to-the-workforce/|last=Keefer|first=Winter|date=May 11, 2023|work=Twin Cities Business|publisher=MSP Communications|access-date=July 31, 2023|archive-date=July 31, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731152108/https://tcbmag.com/have-teens-returned-to-the-workforce/|url-status=live}}</ref> ages 14 to 24 served as [[Teen Teamworks]] recruits for on-the-job training in [[green job|green careers]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.minneapolisparks.org/activities-events/youth-programs/teen_programs/teen_teamworks/|title=Teen Teamworks|access-date=July 31, 2023|publisher=[[Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board]]|archive-date=July 31, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731152109/https://www.minneapolisparks.org/activities-events/youth-programs/teen_programs/teen_teamworks/|url-status=live}}</ref> or as future park employees.<ref>{{cite news|title=How Minneapolis Parks Hire Hundreds of Youth Workers Every Summer|last=Berg|first=Madison|date=March 24, 2023|url=https://tcbmag.com/how-minneapolis-parks-hire-hundreds-of-youth-workers-every-summer/|work=Twin Cities Business|publisher=MSP Communications|access-date=August 4, 2023|archive-date=August 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801193756/https://tcbmag.com/how-minneapolis-parks-hire-hundreds-of-youth-workers-every-summer/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:Minnehaha Falls on June 22, 2013 - Video 1 of 4.webm|thumb|right|alt=Fifteen second video of waterfall falling into a gorge, surrounded by green trees|[[Minnehaha Park (Minneapolis)|Minnehaha Falls]] in the summer]] As of 2020, approximately 15 percent of land in Minneapolis is parks, in accordance with the national median, and 98 percent of residents live within {{Convert|1/2|mile|km|spell=in|abbr=out|1}} of a park.<ref name=TPL>{{Cite web |url = https://www.tpl.org/city/minneapolis-minnesota |title = ParkScore |publisher=[[Trust for Public Land]] |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210511012742/https://www.tpl.org/city/minneapolis-minnesota |language = en-US |access-date = May 5, 2023 |archive-date = May 11, 2021|via=Internet Archive }}</ref> The city's [[Chain of Lakes (Minneapolis)|Chain of Lakes]], consisting of seven lakes and Minnehaha Creek, is connected by bicycle paths, and running and walking paths, and is used for swimming, fishing, picnics, boating, and ice skating. A parkway for cars, a [[segregated cycle facilities|bikeway]] for riders, and a walkway for pedestrians<ref>{{cite web|title=Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway|url=https://www.alltrails.com/trail/us/minnesota/grand-rounds-national-scenic-byway|publisher=[[AllTrails]]|access-date=April 17, 2023|archive-date=April 17, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417180806/https://www.alltrails.com/trail/us/minnesota/grand-rounds-national-scenic-byway|url-status=live}}</ref> run parallel along the {{convert|51|mi|km|adj=on}} route of the [[Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway]].<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.exploreminnesota.com/article/bike-51-mile-grand-rounds-scenic-byway-minneapolis |title = Bike the 51-Mile Grand Rounds Scenic Byway in Minneapolis |access-date = January 22, 2023 |publisher = Explore Minnesota Tourism |archive-date = January 22, 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230122145728/https://www.exploreminnesota.com/article/bike-51-mile-grand-rounds-scenic-byway-minneapolis |url-status = live }}</ref> Parks are interlinked in many places, and the [[Mississippi National River and Recreation Area]] connects regional parks and visitor centers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://npshistory.com/publications/miss/index.htm|title=Mississippi National River and Recreation Area|access-date=April 17, 2023|publisher=[[US National Park Service]]|archive-date=April 17, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417205715/http://npshistory.com/publications/miss/index.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Among walks and hikes running along the Mississippi River, the {{Convert|5|mile|adj=on|abbr=out|spell=in|0}}, hiking-only [[Winchell Trail]] offers views of and access to the [[Mississippi Gorge Regional Park|Mississippi Gorge]] and a rustic hiking experience.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.nps.gov/miss/planyourvisit/ptgkeyhikingwalk.htm |title = Walks and Hikes |publisher = [[US National Park Service]] |access-date = January 3, 2021 |archive-date = August 16, 2021 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210816233115/https://www.nps.gov/miss/planyourvisit/ptgkeyhikingwalk.htm |url-status = live }}</ref> Cleveland lobbied for a park on the riverfront to include the city's other waterfall.{{sfn|Smith|2008|pp=44β46}} In 1889, [[George A. Brackett]] arranged financing, and his associate Henry Brown paid the state to cover the condemnation of surrounding land.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=46}} The 53-foot (16 m) waterfall [[Minnehaha Falls]] is one of Minnesota's first state parks.<ref name="MRP">{{cite web |title = Minnehaha Regional Park |url = https://www.minneapolisparks.org/parks__destinations/parks__lakes/minnehaha_regional_park/ |publisher = [[Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board]] |access-date = January 8, 2021 |archive-date = March 21, 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160321170202/https://www.minneapolisparks.org/parks__destinations/parks__lakes/minnehaha_regional_park/ |url-status = live }}</ref> The falls became what historian Mary Lethert Wingerd calls a "civic emblem", appearing on products and in placenames.{{sfn|Wingerd|2010|pp=352β353}} Minneapolis's climate provides opportunities for winter activities such as [[ice fishing]], [[snowshoeing]], [[ice skating]], [[cross-country skiing]], and [[sledding]] at many parks and lakes between December and March.<ref name="Park Board 2021">{{Cite web |title = Winter Activities |url = https://www.minneapolisparks.org/activities__events/winter_activities/ |access-date = March 4, 2021 |publisher = [[Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board]] |archive-date = August 12, 2021 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210812035052/https://www.minneapolisparks.org/activities__events/winter_activities/ |url-status = live }}</ref> Scaling back on skate rental and warming houses since the COVID-19 pandemic, as of 2021, the park board maintained 20 outdoor [[ice rink]]s in winter.<ref>{{Cite news |last = Hutton |first = Rachel |date = January 6, 2021 |title = The art (and science) of making outdoor ice rinks in Minnesota |work =[[Star Tribune]]|url = https://www.startribune.com/the-art-and-science-of-making-outdoor-ice-rinks-in-minnesota/600006949/ |access-date = January 6, 2021 |archive-date = August 18, 2021 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210818230459/https://www.startribune.com/the-art-and-science-of-making-outdoor-ice-rinks-in-minnesota/600006949/ |url-status = live }}</ref> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. 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