Massachusetts

==Transportation==

{{Main|Massachusetts Department of Transportation|Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority|Category:Transportation in Massachusetts}}
{{see also|Plug-in electric vehicles in Massachusetts}}
[[File:MBTA services sampling excluding trolleybus.jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|The [[Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority]], serving [[Greater Boston]]]]

Massachusetts has 10 regional [[metropolitan planning organization]]s and three non-metropolitan planning organizations covering the remainder of the state;<ref>{{cite web |title=Massachusetts Regional Planning Agencies |url=http://www.apa-ma.org/resources/massachusetts-regional-planning-agencies |publisher=[[American Planning Association]] |access-date=April 30, 2015}}</ref> statewide planning is handled by the [[Massachusetts Department of Transportation]]. Transportation is the single largest source of greenhouse gas emissions by economic sector in Massachusetts.<ref>{{cite web |title=MassDEP Emissions Inventories |url=https://www.mass.gov/lists/massdep-emissions-inventories#greenhouse-gas-baseline,-inventory-&-projection- |publisher=Commonwealth of Massachusetts |access-date=February 11, 2019 }}</ref>

===Regional public transportation===

The [[Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority]] (MBTA), also known as "The{{spaces}}T",<ref>{{cite web |title=MBTA Website |url=http://www.mbta.com/index.asp |publisher=[[Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority]] |access-date=May 2, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418012818/http://www.mbta.com/index.asp |archive-date=April 18, 2015 }}</ref> operates public transportation in the form of subway,<ref>{{cite web |title=Subway Map |publisher=[[Massachusetts Bay Transit Authority]] |access-date=May 22, 2010 |url=http://www.mbta.com/schedules_and_maps/subway/}}</ref> bus,<ref>{{cite web |title=Bus Schedules & Maps |publisher=[[Massachusetts Bay Transit Authority]] |access-date=May 22, 2010 |url=http://www.mbta.com/schedules_and_maps/bus/}}</ref> and ferry<ref>{{cite web |title=Boat Map and Schedules |publisher=[[Massachusetts Bay Transit Authority]] |access-date=May 22, 2010 |url=http://www.mbta.com/schedules_and_maps/boats/}}</ref> systems in the [[Greater Boston|Metro Boston]] area.

Fifteen other regional transit authorities provide public transportation in the form of bus services in the rest of the state.<ref>{{cite web |title=Your Transit Authorities |publisher=Massachusetts Association of Regional Transit Authorities |access-date=May 23, 2010 |url=http://www.matransit.com/}}</ref> Four [[heritage railway]]s are also in operation: 
* The [[Cape Cod Central Railroad]], operating from Hyannis to Buzzard's Bay<ref>{{cite web |title=Cape Cod Central Railroad |publisher=[[Cape Cod Central Railroad]] |access-date=May 23, 2010 |url=http://www.capetrain.com/}}</ref>
* The [[Berkshire Scenic Railway Museum|Berkshire Scenic Railway]], operating from Lee to Great Barrington<ref>{{cite web |title=2010 Scenic Train Schedule |publisher=Berkshire Scenic Railway Museum |access-date=May 23, 2010 |url=http://berkshirescenicrailroad.org/schedules.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090828170559/http://www.berkshirescenicrailroad.org/schedules.php |archive-date=August 28, 2009 }}</ref>
* [[Edaville Railroad]] in Carver<ref>{{cite web |title=Edaville – The New England Classic Family Theme Park |url=https://edaville.com/ |access-date=December 4, 2022}}</ref>
* The [[National Streetcar Museum|Lowell National Historical Park Trolley Line]] in Lowell<ref>{{cite web |title=U.S. Streetcar Systems- Massachusetts – Lowell |url=https://www.railwaypreservation.com/vintagetrolley/lowell.htm |website=railwaypreservation.com |access-date=December 4, 2022 |date=November 25, 2022}}</ref>

===Long-distance rail and bus===

[[Amtrak]] operates several [[inter-city rail]] lines in Massachusetts. Boston's [[South Station]] serves as the terminus for three lines, namely the high-speed ''[[Acela Express]]'', which links to cities such as [[Providence, Rhode Island|Providence]], [[New Haven, Connecticut|New Haven]], [[New York City]], and eventually Washington DC; the ''[[Northeast Regional]]'', which follows the same route but includes many more stops, and also continues further south to [[Newport News, Virginia|Newport News]] in Virginia; and the ''[[Lake Shore Limited]]'', which runs westward to [[Worcester, Massachusetts|Worcester]], [[Springfield, Massachusetts|Springfield]], and eventually [[Chicago, Illinois|Chicago]].<ref name = "amtrak">{{cite web|url=https://www.amtrak.com/northeast-train-routes|title=Northeast Train Routes|website=Amtrak|access-date=June 12, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |website=Routes |title=Acela Express |publisher=[[Amtrak]] |access-date=May 22, 2010 |url=http://www.amtrak.com/servlet/ContentServer/AM_Route_C/1241245664867/1237405732511 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100523233021/http://www.amtrak.com/servlet/ContentServer/AM_Route_C/1241245664867/1237405732511 |archive-date=May 23, 2010 }}</ref> Boston's other major station, [[North Station]], serves as the southern terminus for Amtrak's ''[[Downeaster (train)|Downeaster]]'', which connects to [[Portland, Maine|Portland]] and [[Brunswick, Maine|Brunswick]] in Maine.<ref name = "amtrak"/>

Outside of Boston, Amtrak connects several cities across Massachusetts, along the aforementioned ''Acela'', ''Northeast Regional'', ''Lake Shore Limited'', and ''Downeaster'' lines, as well as other routes in central and western Massachusetts. The ''[[Hartford Line (Amtrak)|Hartford Line]]'' connects [[Springfield, Massachusetts|Springfield]] to [[New Haven, Connecticut|New Haven]], operated in conjunction with the [[Connecticut Department of Transportation]], and the ''[[Valley Flyer (Amtrak train)|Valley Flyer]]'' runs a similar route but continues further north to [[Greenfield, Massachusetts|Greenfield]]. Several stations in western Massachusetts are also served by the ''[[Vermonter (train)|Vermonter]]'', which connects [[St. Albans station (Vermont)|St. Albans, Vermont]] to Washington DC.<ref name = "amtrak"/>

Amtrak carries more passengers between Boston and New York than all airlines combined (about 54% of market share in 2012),<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/16/business/hassles-of-air-travel-push-passengers-to-amtrak.html|title=Air Travel's Hassles Drive Riders to Amtrak's Acela|first=Ron|last=Nixon|newspaper=The New York Times |date=August 15, 2012}}</ref> but service between other cities is less frequent. There, more frequent intercity service is provided by private bus carriers, including [[Peter Pan Bus Lines]] (headquartered in Springfield), [[Greyhound Lines]], [[OurBus]], [[BoltBus]] and [[Plymouth and Brockton Street Railway]]. Various [[Chinatown bus lines]] depart for New York from South Station in Boston.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chinatown Bus: Fung Wah Bus, Boston New York Bus |url=https://boston-tourism-made-easy.com/chinatown-bus/ |website=BOSTON TOURISM MADE EASY |access-date=December 4, 2022}}</ref>

[[MBTA Commuter Rail]] services run throughout the larger Greater Boston area, including service to [[Worcester, Massachusetts|Worcester]], [[Fitchburg, Massachusetts|Fitchburg]], [[Haverhill, Massachusetts|Haverhill]], [[Newburyport, Massachusetts|Newburyport]], [[Lowell, Massachusetts|Lowell]], and [[Kingston, Massachusetts|Kingston]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Commuter Rail Maps and Schedules |publisher=[[Massachusetts Bay Transit Authority]] |access-date=May 5, 2015 |url=http://www.mbta.com/schedules_and_maps/rail/}}</ref> This overlaps with the service areas of neighboring regional transportation authorities. As of the summer of 2013 the [[Cape Cod Regional Transit Authority]] in collaboration with the MBTA and the [[Massachusetts Department of Transportation]] (MassDOT) is operating the [[CapeFLYER]] providing passenger rail service between Boston and Cape Cod.<ref>{{cite web |title=CapeFlyer |access-date=July 29, 2013 |url=http://capeflyer.com/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=T announces summer Cape Cod train service |publisher=[[WCVB-TV]] |access-date=July 29, 2013 |url=http://www.wcvb.com/news/local/boston-south/T-announces-summer-Cape-Cod-train-service/-/9848842/19557134/-/f7pi02/-/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103130254/http://www.wcvb.com/news/local/boston-south/T-announces-summer-Cape-Cod-train-service/-/9848842/19557134/-/f7pi02/-/index.html |archive-date=November 3, 2013 }}</ref>

===Ferry===

Most ports north of Cape Cod are served by Boston Harbor Cruises, which operates [[MBTA Boat|ferry services]] in and around [[Greater Boston]] under contract with the [[Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority]]. Several routes connect the downtown area with [[Hingham, Massachusetts|Hingham]], [[Hull, Massachusetts|Hull]], [[Winthrop, Massachusetts|Winthrop]], [[Salem, Massachusetts|Salem]], [[Logan Airport]], [[Charlestown, Massachusetts|Charlestown]], and some of the islands located within the harbor. The same company also operates seasonal service between [[Boston]] and [[Provincetown]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mbta.com/schedules/ferry|title=Ferry Schedules and Maps|website=Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority|access-date=June 20, 2020}}</ref>

On the southern shore of the state, several different passenger ferry lines connect [[Martha's Vineyard]] to ports along the mainland, including [[Woods Hole, Massachusetts|Woods Hole]], [[Hyannis, Massachusetts|Hyannis]], [[New Bedford, Massachusetts|New Bedford]], and [[Falmouth, Massachusetts|Falmouth]], all in Massachusetts, as well as [[North Kingstown, Rhode Island|North Kingstown]] in Rhode Island, [[Highlands, New Jersey|Highlands]] in New Jersey, and [[New York City]] in New York.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vineyardferries.com/|title=2020 Martha's Vineyard Ferry Schedules|website=Martha's Vineyard Ferries|access-date=July 23, 2020}}</ref> Similarly, several different lines connect [[Nantucket]] to ports including Hyannis, New Bedford, [[Harwich, Massachusetts|Harwich]], and New York City.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nantucketferries.com/|title=2020 Nantucket Ferry Schedules|website=Nantucket Ferries|access-date=July 23, 2020}}</ref> Service between the two islands is also offered. The dominant companies serving these routes include [[SeaStreak]], [[Hy-Line Cruises]], and [[The Steamship Authority]], the latter of which regulates all passenger services in the region and is also the only company permitted to offer freight ferry services to the islands.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.steamshipauthority.com/ssa/about.cfm |title=Background |publisher=[[The Woods Hole, Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket Steamship Authority]] |access-date=May 24, 2010}}</ref>

Other ferry connections in the state include a line between [[Fall River, Massachusetts|Fall River]] and [[Block Island]] via [[Newport, Rhode Island|Newport]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.blockislandferry.com/schedules-fares/fall-river-hi-speed-schedule|title=Fall River Hi-Speed Schedule|website=Block Island Ferry|access-date=July 23, 2020|archive-date=July 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724020909/https://www.blockislandferry.com/schedules-fares/fall-river-hi-speed-schedule}}</ref> seasonal ferry service connecting [[Plymouth, Massachusetts|Plymouth]] to Provincetown,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.captjohn.com/fast-ferry-ptown/|title=Fast Ferry to Provincetown|website=Captain John Boats|access-date=June 20, 2020}}</ref> and a service between New Bedford and [[Cuttyhunk]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cuttyhunkferryco.com/|title=New Bedford to Cuttyhunk Ferry Service|website=Cuttyhunk Ferry Co.|access-date=July 23, 2020}}</ref>

===Rail freight===

{{See also|List of Massachusetts railroads}}

As of 2018, a number of [[Rail freight transport|freight railroads]] were operating in Massachusetts, with Class I railroad [[CSX Transportation|CSX]] being the largest carrier, and another Class 1, [[Norfolk Southern]] serving the state via its [[Pan Am Southern]] joint partnership. Several regional and short line railroads also provide service and connect with other railroads.<ref>{{cite web |title=Massachusetts Passenger and Freight Rail |url=http://www.massdot.state.ma.us/planning/Main/MapsDataandReports/Maps/PassengerandFreightRail.aspx |publisher=[[Massachusetts Department of Transportation]] |access-date=May 2, 2015 |archive-date=April 20, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150420041125/http://www.massdot.state.ma.us/planning/Main/MapsDataandReports/Maps/PassengerandFreightRail.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> Massachusetts has a total of {{convert|1,110|mi|km}} of freight trackage in operation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mass.gov/doc/final-state-rail-plan-spring-2018/download|title=Massachusetts State Rail Plan, May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Massachusetts State Fact Sheet: Rail Fast Facts For 2017 |url=https://www.aar.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/AAR-Massachusetts-State-Fact-Sheet.pdf |publisher=Association of American Railroads |access-date=February 12, 2019 |archive-date=February 13, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213183458/https://www.aar.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/AAR-Massachusetts-State-Fact-Sheet.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Air service===

{{Further|List of airports in Massachusetts}}
[[File:Logan_Airport_aerial_view.jpg|thumb|[[Logan International Airport]] in Boston is the largest airport in New England in terms of passenger volume]]

[[Logan International Airport|Boston Logan International Airport]] served 33.5{{spaces}}million passengers in 2015 (up from 31.6{{spaces}}million in 2014)<ref name=LoganTraffic/> through 103 [[Gate (airport)|gate]]s.<ref>{{cite web |title=About Logan |url=https://www.massport.com/logan-airport/about-logan/ |publisher=[[Massachusetts Port Authority]] |access-date=May 2, 2015}}</ref><ref name=massport>{{cite web |title=About Massport |url=https://www.massport.com/about-massport/about-massport/ |publisher=[[Massachusetts Port Authority]] |access-date=May 2, 2015 |archive-date=July 7, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707205904/http://www.massport.com/about-massport/about-massport/ }}</ref> Logan, [[Hanscom Field]] in [[Bedford, Massachusetts|Bedford]], and [[Worcester Regional Airport]] are operated by [[Massport]], an independent state transportation agency.<ref name=massport/> Massachusetts has 39 public-use airfields<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mass.gov/public-use-airports/locations|title=Public Use Airports Locations &#124; Mass.gov|website=mass.gov}}</ref> and more than 200 private landing spots.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mass Aeronautics |url=http://www.massaeronautics.org/default.asp?pgid=AeroAbout&sid=level2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080505120625/http://www.massaeronautics.org/default.asp?pgid=AeroAbout&sid=level2 |archive-date=May 5, 2008 }}</ref> Some airports receive funding from the Aeronautics Division of the [[Massachusetts Department of Transportation]] and the [[Federal Aviation Administration]]; the FAA is also the primary regulator of Massachusetts air travel.<ref>{{cite web |title=About FAA |url=https://www.faa.gov/about/ |publisher=Federal Aviation Administration |access-date=May 2, 2015}}</ref>

===Roads===

[[File:National-atlas-massachusetts.png|thumb|upright=1.05|Prominent roads and cities in Massachusetts]]

There are a total of {{convert|36,800|mi|km}} of [[Interstate highway|interstates]] and other highways in Massachusetts.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mass.gov/files/documents/2019/03/27/2018-ri-ye-final.pdf |title=2018 Massachusetts Road Inventory Year End Report |publisher=[[Massachusetts Department of Transportation]] |access-date=October 6, 2019 |archive-date=December 12, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212162823/https://www.mass.gov/files/documents/2019/03/27/2018-ri-ye-final.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Massachusetts Turnpike|Interstate{{spaces}}90]] (I-90, also known as the Massachusetts Turnpike), is the longest interstate in Massachusetts. The route travels {{convert|136|mi|km|abbr=on}} generally west to east, entering Massachusetts at the New York state line in the town of [[West Stockbridge, Massachusetts|West Stockbridge]], and passes just north of [[Springfield, Massachusetts|Springfield]], just south of [[Worcester, Massachusetts|Worcester]] and through [[Framingham, Massachusetts|Framingham]] before terminating near Logan International Airport in Boston.<ref>{{cite web |title=Interstate 90 |url=http://www.interstate-guide.com/i-090.html |website=interstate-guide.com |publisher=AARoads |access-date=June 10, 2015}}</ref> Other major interstates include [[Interstate 91 in Massachusetts|I-91]], which travels generally north and south along the [[Connecticut River]]; [[Interstate 93 in Massachusetts|I-93]], which travels north and south through central Boston, then passes through [[Methuen, Massachusetts|Methuen]] before entering New Hampshire; and [[Interstate 95 in Massachusetts|I-95]], which connects [[Providence, Rhode Island]] with Greater Boston, forming a partial [[beltway|loop]] [[Concurrency (road)|concurrent]] with [[Massachusetts Route 128|Route{{spaces}}128]] around the more urbanized areas before continuing north along the coast into New Hampshire.<ref>{{cite news |first1 = David |last1 = Montgomery |first2 = Josh |last2 = White |newspaper = [[The Washington Post]] |title = 128 Cars, Trucks Crash in Snow on I-95 |date = February 23, 2001 |page = A1 }}</ref>

[[Interstate 495 (Massachusetts)|I-495]] forms a wide loop around the outer edge of Greater Boston. Other major interstates in Massachusetts include [[Interstate 291 (Massachusetts)|I-291]], [[Interstate 391 (Massachusetts)|I-391]], [[Interstate 84 in Massachusetts|I-84]], [[Interstate 195 in Massachusetts|I-195]], [[Interstate 395 in Massachusetts|I-395]], [[Interstate 290 (Massachusetts)|I-290]], and [[Interstate 190 (Massachusetts)|I-190]]. Major non-interstate highways in Massachusetts include [[United States Numbered Highways|U.S. Routes]] [[U.S. Route 1 in Massachusetts|1]], [[U.S. Route 3 in Massachusetts|3]], [[U.S. Route 6 in Massachusetts|6]], and [[U.S. Route 20 in Massachusetts|20]], and state routes [[Massachusetts Route 2|2]], [[Massachusetts Route 3|3]], 9, [[Massachusetts Route 24|24]], and 128. A great majority of interstates in Massachusetts were constructed during the mid-20th century, and at times were controversial, particularly the intent [[Southwest Corridor (Massachusetts)|to route I-95 northeastwards from Providence, Rhode Island, directly through central Boston]], first proposed in 1948. Opposition to continued construction grew, and in 1970 Governor [[Francis W. Sargent]] issued a general prohibition on most further freeway construction within the I-95/Route 128 loop in the Boston area.{{sfn|Brown|Tager|2000|pp=283–284}} A massive undertaking to bring I-93 underground in downtown Boston, called the [[Big Dig]], brought the city's highway system under public scrutiny for its high cost and construction quality.<ref name=BigDig1/>