Malawi

===Education===
{{Main|Education in Malawi}}
[[File:Public expenditure on education in Southern Africa as a share of GDP, 2012 or closest year.svg|thumb|Public expenditure on education in Southern Africa as a share of GDP, 2012 or closest year<ref name="Web"/>]]
In 1994, free primary education for all Malawian children was established by the government, and primary education has been compulsory since the passage of the Revised Education Act in 2012. As a result, attendance rates for all children have improved, with enrollment rates for primary schools up from 58% in 1992 to 75% in 2007. Also, the percentage of students who begin standard one and complete standard five has increased from 64% in 1992 to 86% in 2006. According to the World Bank, it shows that youth literacy had also increased from 68% in 2000 to 75% in 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.ADT.1524.LT.ZS|title=Literacy rate, youth total (% of people ages 15–24) {{!}} Data|website=data.worldbank.org|access-date=22 September 2019}}</ref> This increase is primarily attributed to improved learning materials in schools, better infrastructure and feeding programs that have been implemented throughout the school system.<ref name=UNDP/> However, attendance in the secondary school falls to approximately 25%, with attendance rates being slightly higher for males.<ref name=Furlong>{{cite book|last1=Furlong|first1=Andy|title=Youth Studies: An Introduction|date=2013|publisher=Routledge|location=USA|isbn=978-0-415-56479-3|page=233}}</ref><ref name=U.N.>{{cite web|title=The world youth report: youth and climate change|url=https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unyin/documents/WYR2010Final%20online%20version.pdf|website=United Nations|access-date=17 January 2012}}</ref> Dropout rates are higher for girls than boys,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/iclp/tda2001/Malawi.htm|title=Malawi|access-date=6 October 2008|publisher=Bureau of International Labour Affairs, US Dept. of Labour|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006092319/http://www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/iclp/TDA2001/malawi.htm|archive-date=6 October 2008}}</ref> attributed to security problems during long walks to school, as girls face a higher prevalence of gender-based violence.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

Education in Malawi comprises eight years of primary education, four years of secondary school and four years of university. There are four public universities in Malawi: [[Mzuzu University]] (MZUNI), [[Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources]] (LUANAR), the [[University of Malawi]] (UNIMA) and [[Malawi University of Science and Technology]] (MUST). There are also private universities, such as Livingstonia, Malawi Lakeview, Catholic University of Malawi, Central Christian University, African Bible College, UNICAF University, and MIM. The entry requirement is six credits on the Malawi School Certificate of Education, which is equivalent to O levels.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sasnett |first1=Martena Tenney |last2=Sepmeyer |first2=Inez Hopkins |title=Educational Systems of Africa: Interpretations for Use in the Evaluation of Academic Credentials |date=1967 |publisher=University of California Press |page=903 |language=en}}</ref>