India

=== Performing arts and media ===
{{Main|Music of India|Dance in India|Cinema of India|Television in India}}
{{multiple image|perrow=1|total_width=180|image_style = border:none;| align = right |image1=Kuchipudi Performer DS.jpg|caption1=India's [[Sangeet Natak Akademi|National Academy of Performance Arts]] has recognised eight Indian dance styles to be ''classical''.  One such is [[Kuchipudi]] shown here. }}
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|0=[[File:Flickr - dalbera - Bimbavati Devi (Manipuri) (5).jpg|thumb|upright|left|India's [[Sangeet Natak Akademi|National Academy of Performing Arts]], has recognised eight dance styles as ''classical''.  One such is [[Manipuri dance|Manipuri]] shown here.  The others are: (a) [[Bharatanatyam]]; (b) [[Kathak]]; (c) [[Kathakali]]; (d) [[Odissi]]; (e) [[Kuchipudi]]; (f) [[Sattriya]]; and (g) [[Mohiniyattam]].]]
|1=[[File:Kathak Rounds (10)2.jpg|thumb|left|upright|The [[Sangeet Natak Akademi]], India's national academy of performance arts, has recognised eight Indian dance styles to be ''classical''.  One such is [[Kathak]] shown here.  The others are: (a) [[Bharatanatyam]]; (b) [[Kathakali]]; (c) [[Sattriya]]; (d) [[Manipuri dance|Manipuri]]; (e) [[Odissi]]; (f) [[Mohiniyattam]]; and (g) [[Kuchipudi]].]]
|2=[[File:Kathakali IMG 0289 by Joseph Lazercropped.jpg|thumb|left|upright|The [[Sangeet Natak Akademi]], India's national academy of performance arts, has recognised eight Indian dance styles to be ''classical''.  One such is [[Kathakali]] shown here.  The others are: (a) [[Bharatanatyam]]; (b) [[Kathak]]; (c) [[Sattriya]]; (d) [[Manipuri dance|Manipuri]]; (e) [[Odissi]]; (f) [[Mohiniyattam]]; and (g) [[Kuchipudi]].]]
|3=[[File:Sattriya Dancer Krishnakshi Kashyap2.jpg|thumb|left|upright|The [[Sangeet Natak Akademi]], India's national academy of performance arts, has recognised eight Indian dance styles to be ''classical''.  One such is [[Sattriya]] shown here.  The others are: (a) [[Bharatanatyam]]; (b) [[Kathak]]; (c) [[Kathakali]]; (d) [[Manipuri dance|Manipuri]]; (e) [[Odissi]]; (f) [[Mohiniyattam]]; and (g) [[Kuchipudi]].]]
|4=[[File:Rekha Raju DS 2.jpg|thumb|left|upright|The [[Sangeet Natak Akademi]], India's national academy of performance arts, has recognised eight Indian dance styles to be ''classical''.  One such is [[Mohiniyattam]] shown here.  The others are: (a) [[Bharatanatyam]]; (b) [[Kathak]]; (c) [[Kathakali]]; (d) [[Manipuri dance|Manipuri]]; (e) [[Odissi]]; (f) [[Sattriya]]; and (g) [[Kuchipudi]].]]
|5=[[File:Kuchipudi Performer DS.jpg|thumb|left|upright|The [[Sangeet Natak Akademi]], India's national academy of performance arts, has recognised eight Indian dance styles to be ''classical''.  One such is [[Kuchipudi]] shown here.  The others are: (a) [[Bharatanatyam]]; (b) [[Kathak]]; (c) [[Kathakali]]; (d) [[Manipuri dance|Manipuri]]; (e) [[Odissi]]; (f) [[Sattriya]]; and (g) [[Mohiniyattam]].]]
|6=[[File:Odissi Performance DS.jpg|thumb|upright|left|The [[Sangeet Natak Akademi]], India's national academy of performance arts, has recognised eight Indian dance styles to be ''classical''.  One such is [[Odissi]] shown here.  The others are: (a) [[Bharatanatyam]]; (b) [[Kathak]]; (c) [[Kathakali]]; (d) [[Manipuri dance|Manipuri]]; (e) [[Kuchipudi]]; (f) [[Sattriya]]; and (g) [[Mohiniyattam]].]]
|7=[[File:Bharata Natyam Performance DS.jpg|thumb|left|upright|The [[Sangeet Natak Akademi]], India's national academy of performance arts, has recognised eight Indian dance styles to be ''classical''.  One such is [[Bharatanatyam]] shown here.  The others are: (a) [[Kathak]]; (b) [[Kathakali]]; (c) [[Sattriya]]; (d) [[Manipuri dance|Manipuri]]; (e) [[Odissi]]; (f) [[Mohiniyattam]]; and (g) [[Kuchipudi]].]]
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Indian music ranges over various traditions and regional styles. [[Indian classical music|Classical music]] encompasses two genres and their various folk offshoots: the northern [[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani]] and the southern [[Carnatic music|Carnatic]] schools.{{sfn|Massey|Massey|1998}} Regionalised popular forms include [[filmi]] and [[Indian folk music|folk music]]; the [[Syncretism|syncretic]] tradition of the ''[[baul]]s'' is a well-known form of the latter. [[Dance in India|Indian dance]] also features diverse folk and classical forms. Among the better-known [[List of Indian folk dances|folk dances]] are: ''[[Bhangra (dance)|bhangra]]'' of Punjab, ''[[bihu dance|bihu]]'' of Assam, ''[[Jhumair]]'' and ''[[Chhau dance|chhau]]'' of Jharkhand, Odisha and West Bengal, ''[[Garba (dance)|garba]]'' and ''[[Dandiya Raas|dandiya]]'' of Gujarat, ''[[ghoomar]]'' of Rajasthan, and ''[[lavani]]'' of Maharashtra. Eight dance forms, many with narrative forms and mythological elements, have been accorded [[Classical Indian dance|classical dance status]] by India's [[Sangeet Natak Akademi|National Academy of Music, Dance, and Drama]]. These are: ''[[Bharata Natyam|bharatanatyam]]'' of the state of Tamil Nadu, ''[[kathak]]'' of Uttar Pradesh, ''[[kathakali]]'' and ''[[mohiniyattam]]'' of Kerala, ''[[kuchipudi]]'' of Andhra Pradesh, ''[[Manipuri dance|manipuri]]'' of Manipur, ''[[odissi]]'' of Odisha<!--Do not change this per [[WP:COMMONNAME]].-->, and the ''[[sattriya]]'' of Assam.<ref>{{citation|title=South Asian Arts: Indian Dance|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/556016/South-Asian-arts/65246/Indian-dance |access-date=17 July 2011}}</ref>

[[Theatre in India]] melds music, dance, and improvised or written dialogue.{{sfn|Lal|2004|pp = 23, 30, 235}} Often based on Hindu mythology, but also borrowing from medieval romances or social and political events, Indian theatre includes: the ''[[bhavai]]'' of Gujarat, the ''[[Jatra (Bengal)|jatra]]'' of West Bengal, the ''[[nautanki]]'' and ''[[ramlila]]'' of North India, ''[[tamasha]]'' of Maharashtra, ''[[burrakatha]]'' of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, ''[[terukkuttu]]'' of Tamil Nadu, and the ''[[yakshagana]]'' of Karnataka.{{sfn|Karanth|2002|p = 26}} India hosts the [[National School of Drama]] (NSD), a premier theatre training institute located in [[New Delhi]]. It is an autonomous organisation under the [[Ministry of Culture (India)|Ministry of Culture]], [[Government of India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2009/20090315/spectrum/main1.htm|title=In step with the times: Chaman Ahuja on how the National School of Drama has evolved over the past 50 years|website=[[The Tribune]]|date=15 March 2009|access-date=4 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010083957/https://www.tribuneindia.com/2009/20090315/spectrum/main1.htm|archive-date=10 October 2017}}</ref>
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|0=[[File:Flickr - dalbera - Sudheshna Bhattacharya (musée Guimet, Paris) (1).jpg|thumb|[[Sarod]] performance at the Musée Guimet, Paris]]
|1=[[File:Ravikiran 25 A.jpg|thumb|upright=1.55|South Indian ([[Carnatic music|Carnatic]]) musical performance. From left to right: Guruvayur Dorai, [[mridangam]]; Ravi Balasubramanian, [[ghatam]]; Ravikiran, electric [[chitraveena]]; and Akkarai S. Subhalakshmi, [[violin]]]]
|2=[[File:India - Actors - 0258.jpg|thumb|Actors at the [[avant-garde]] theatre [[Koothu-P-Pattarai]] in [[Chennai]] apply make up to each other in preparation for a performance.<ref name="hindu">{{cite news| last =Santhanam| first =Kausalya| title =Master of avant-garde theatre| newspaper =[[The Hindu]]| url =https://www.hindu.com/fr/2008/11/28/stories/2008112850610300.htm| access-date =1 February 2009| date =21 September 2005| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20121103201109/https://www.hindu.com/fr/2008/11/28/stories/2008112850610300.htm| archive-date =3 November 2012| url-status =dead}}</ref>]]
|3=[[File:Plucked string instruments (5) Indian string instruments, Sarod, Sitar, Iktara - Soinuenea.jpg|thumb|upright|Three plucked string instruments of Indian music, L to R, [[Sarod]], [[Sitar]], which are used in [[North Indian classical music]] and the [[Iktara]], lit. "one string instrument", commonly used in [[Indian folk music]].]]
|4=[[File:Satyajit Ray with Ravi Sankar recording for Pather Panchali.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|Film director [[Satyajit Ray]] (left) and sitar maestro [[Ravi Shankar]] discussing the musical score of the movie ''[[Pather Panchali]]'', which was to win Ray the ''Best Human Document'' award at the [[Cannes Film Festival]] in 1956,<ref name="Cooper2000">{{citation|last=Cooper|first=Darius|title=The Cinema of Satyajit Ray: Between Tradition and Modernity|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zCgk3ld8EMkC&pg=PA4|year=2000|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=978-0-521-62980-5|page=4}}</ref> and set in motion a career that led to an [[Academy Honorary Award]] in 1992.<ref name="Ganguly2010">{{citation|last=Ganguly|first=Keya|title=Cinema, Emergence, and the Films of Satyajit Ray|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jEOSyjLc4L8C&pg=PA26|year=2010|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|isbn=978-0-520-26216-4|page=26}}</ref> ]]
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The [[Cinema of India|Indian film industry]] produces the world's most-watched cinema.{{sfn|Dissanayake|Gokulsing|2004}} Established regional cinematic traditions exist in the [[Cinema of Assam|Assamese]], [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali]], [[Bhojpuri cinema|Bhojpuri]], [[Bollywood|Hindi]], [[Cinema of Karnataka|Kannada]], [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]], [[Cinema of Punjab|Punjabi]], [[Gujarati cinema|Gujarati]], [[Marathi cinema|Marathi]], [[Cinema of Odisha|Odia]], [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]], and [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] languages.{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1999|page = 652}} The Hindi language film industry (''Bollywood'') is the largest sector representing 43% of box office revenue, followed by the [[Cinema of South India|South Indian]] Telugu and Tamil film industries which represent 36% combined.<ref name="deloitte">{{cite web|url=https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/in/Documents/technology-media-telecommunications/in-tmt-economic-contribution-of-motion-picture-and-television-industry-noexp.pdf|title=Economic Contribution of the Indian Motion Picture and Television Industry|publisher=[[Deloitte]]|date=March 2014|access-date=21 April 2014}}</ref>

Television broadcasting began in India in 1959 as a state-run medium of communication and expanded slowly for more than two decades.{{sfn|Narayan|2013|pp=66–67}}{{sfn|Kaminsky|Long|2011|pp = 684–692}} The [[Doordarshan|state monopoly]] on television broadcast ended in the 1990s. Since then, satellite channels have increasingly shaped the popular culture of Indian society.{{sfn|Mehta|2008|pp = 1–10}} Today, television is the most penetrative media in India; industry estimates indicate that {{As of|2012|lc=y}} there are over 554 million TV consumers, 462&nbsp;million with satellite or cable connections compared to other forms of mass media such as the press (350&nbsp;million), radio (156&nbsp;million) or internet (37&nbsp;million).{{sfn|Hansa Research|2012}}