Austria

===Health===
{{Main|Healthcare in Austria}}
[[File:Life expectancy in Austria.svg|alt=Life Expectancy in Austria over time|thumb|Life Expectancy in Austria over time]]
Even though Austria has a 0.9 health index and a [[life expectancy]] of 81 years,<ref>{{Cite web |title=STC Health Index |url=https://globalresidenceindex.com/hnwi-index/health-index |access-date=5 September 2022 |website=globalresidenceindex.com |language=en |archive-date=5 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220905225747/https://globalresidenceindex.com/hnwi-index/health-index/ |url-status=live }}</ref> the country still faces numerous problems when it comes to health, one example being that 2 in 5 Austrians have a [[chronic condition]]. Cancer is a big problem in the country, as about 21,500 people died of this condition in 2019, having lung cancer as the primary cause of cancer deaths, probably linked to several risk factors in the country's population, as it is estimated that 40% of deaths in the country are caused by smoking, dietary risks, alcohol, low physical activity, and air pollution.
One of the most costly health services in the EU is located in Austria. In 2019, health spending per capita ranked third in the EU. Health-related [[Out-of-pocket expense|out-of-pocket expenditures]] are higher than the EU average.<ref name=":0">{{cite book |title=State of Health in the EU; Companion Report 2021 |date=2022 |publisher=Publications Office of the European Union |isbn=978-92-76-45885-2}}</ref>

==== Medical personnel ====

With 5.2 physician per 1,000 inhabitants Austria has among the highest physician density in [[OECD]] countries. Overall, the country has 271 hospitals with a total of 45,596 physicians (data from 2017), about 54% of which work (also or primarily) in hospitals. Although Austria has the second highest physician rate in the [[European Union|EU]], a large share of physicians is tropical to retirement age (55 years and older), and may thus be at a higher risk of developing severe conditions in specimen of [[COVID-19 pandemic in Austria|COVID-19]] infection.

The number of nurses in Austria has been subject to debate in recent years with regard to definitions of qualifications and their interpretation in cross-country comparisons. A new mandatory health professional's registry was set up in 2018. However, for the elapsing of the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020, compulsory registration has been suspended. This implies that professional activities in long-term superintendency are moreover possible without registration until the end of the pandemic by late spring 2022 (Transition without the pandemic is still to be defined).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Austria: Health System Personnel |url=https://healthsystemsfacts.org/national-health-systems/the-mixed-beveridge-bismarck-model/austria/austria-health-system-personnel |access-date=5 September 2022 |website=World Health Systems Facts |language=en-US |archive-date=5 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220905225748/https://healthsystemsfacts.org/national-health-systems/the-mixed-beveridge-bismarck-model/austria/austria-health-system-personnel/ |url-status=live }}</ref>