Trinity

=== Islam ===
{{Off topic|date=July 2023}}
{{Main|Islamic view of the Trinity|Haqq–Muhammad–Ali|Shirk (Islam)}}
[[Islam]] considers [[Jesus in Islam|Jesus]] to be a [[Prophets and messengers in Islam|prophet]], but not divine,{{sfn|Glassé|Smith |2003|pp=239–241}} and [[God in Islam|God]] to be absolutely indivisible (a concept known as {{lang|ar-Latn|[[tawhid]]}}).{{sfn|Thomas|2006|loc="Trinity"}} Several verses of the [[Quran]] state that the doctrine of the Trinity is blasphemous.

{{blockquote| Indeed, disbelievers have said, "Truly, Allah is Messiah, son of Mary." But Messiah said, "Children of Israel! Worship Allah, my lord and your lord." Indeed, whoever associates partners with Allah, surely Allah has forbidden them from Heaven, and fire is their resort. And there are no helpers for the wrongdoers. Indeed, disbelievers have said, "Truly, Allah is a third of three." Yet, there is no god except One God, and if they do not desist from what they say, a grievous punishment befalls the disbelievers. Will they not turn to Allah and ask His forgiveness? For Allah is most forgiving and merciful. Is not Messiah, son of Mary, only a messenger? Indeed, messengers had passed away prior to him. And his mother was an upright woman. They both ate food. Observe how we explain the signs for them, then observe how they turn away (from truth)!|Quran 5:72–75}}

Interpretation of these verses by modern scholars has been varied. Verse 5:73 has been interpreted as a potential criticism of Syriac literature that references Jesus as "the third of three" and thus an attack on the view that Christ was divine.{{sfn|Griffith|2012|p=8|loc=note 7}} Another interpretation is that this passage should be studied from a rhetorical perspective; so as not to be an error, but an intentional misrepresentation of the doctrine of the Trinity in order to demonstrate its absurdity from an Islamic perspective.{{sfn|Zebiri|2006|p=274}} David Thomas states that verse 5:116 need not be seen as describing actually professed beliefs, but rather, giving examples of ''[[Shirk (Islam)|shirk]]'' (claiming divinity for beings other than God) and a "warning against excessive devotion to Jesus and extravagant veneration of Mary, a reminder linked to the central theme of the Qur'an that there is only one God and He alone is to be worshipped."{{sfn|Thomas|2006|loc="Trinity"}} When read in this light, it can be understood as an admonition, "Against the divinization of Jesus that is given elsewhere in the Qur'an and a warning against the virtual divinization of Mary in the declaration of the fifth-century church councils that she is '[[Theotokos|God-bearer]]'." Similarly, Gabriel Reynolds, Sidney Griffith and Mun'im Sirry argue that this quranic verse is to be understood as an intentional caricature and rhetorical statement to warn from the dangers of deifiying Jesus or Mary.{{sfn|Sirry|2014|p=47}}{{sfn|Neuwirth|Sells|2016|pp=300–304}} It has been suggested that the Islamic representation of the doctrine of the Trinity may derive from its description in some texts of [[Manichaeism]] "where we encounter a trinity, consisting of a Father, a Mother of Life / the Living Spirit and the Original Man".<ref name="reeth">{{cite journal |last1=Van Reeth |first1=Jan M. F. |title=Who is the 'other' Paraclete? |journal=The Coming of the Comforter: When, Where, and to Whom? |date=31 December 2012 |pages=440–441 |doi=10.31826/9781463234812-014 |publisher=Gorgias Press|isbn=9781463234812 |doi-access=free }}</ref>