Sleep deprivation

===Type 2 diabetes===
It has been suggested that people experiencing short-term sleep restrictions process glucose more slowly than individuals receiving a full 8 hours of sleep, increasing the likelihood of developing type 2 [[diabetes]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2007|title=Sleep and Disease Risk|url=http://healthysleep.med.harvard.edu/healthy/matters/consequences/sleep-and-disease-risk|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325003506/http://healthysleep.med.harvard.edu/healthy/matters/consequences/sleep-and-disease-risk|archive-date=25 March 2016|website=Healthy Sleep|publisher=Harvard Medical School}}</ref> Poor sleep quality is linked to high blood sugar levels in diabetic and prediabetic patients, but the causal relationship is not clearly understood. Researchers suspect that sleep deprivation affects insulin, cortisol, and oxidative stress, which subsequently influence blood sugar levels. Sleep deprivation can increase the level of [[ghrelin]] and decrease the level of [[leptin]]. People who get insufficient amounts of sleep are more likely to crave food in order to compensate for the lack of energy. This habit can raise blood sugar and put them at risk of [[obesity]] and diabetes.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Diabetes and Sleep: Sleep Disturbances & Coping|url=https://www.sleepfoundation.org/physical-health/lack-of-sleep-and-diabetes|access-date=21 January 2021|website=Sleep Foundation|date=20 November 2020|language=en}}</ref>

In 2005, a study of over 1400 participants showed that participants who habitually slept fewer hours were more likely to have associations with [[type 2 diabetes]].<ref name="DGottlieb">{{cite journal | vauthors = Gottlieb DJ, Punjabi NM, Newman AB, Resnick HE, Redline S, Baldwin CM, Nieto FJ | title = Association of sleep time with diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance | journal = Archives of Internal Medicine | volume = 165 | issue = 8 | pages = 863–867 | date = April 2005 | pmid = 15851636 | doi = 10.1001/archinte.165.8.863 | doi-access = free }}</ref> However, because this study was merely correlational, the direction of cause and effect between little sleep and diabetes is uncertain. The authors point to an earlier study that showed that experimental rather than habitual restriction of sleep resulted in [[impaired glucose tolerance]] (IGT).<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Spiegel K, Leproult R, Van Cauter E | title = Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function | journal = Lancet | volume = 354 | issue = 9188 | pages = 1435–1439 | date = October 1999 | pmid = 10543671 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)01376-8 | s2cid = 3854642 }}</ref>