Rome

==Education==
[[File:Sapienza entrance (20040201351).jpg|thumb|right|The [[Sapienza University of Rome]], founded in 1303]]

Rome is a nationwide and major international centre for higher education, containing numerous academies, colleges and universities. It boasts a large variety of academies and colleges, and has always been a major worldwide intellectual and educational centre, especially during [[Ancient Rome]] and the [[Renaissance]], along with Florence.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01083b.htm |last1=Benigni |first1=U. |encyclopedia=Catholic Encyclopedia |title=Roman Academies |publisher=New Advent |date=1 March 1907 |access-date=3 February 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100112132437/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01083b.htm |archive-date=12 January 2010}}</ref> According to the City Brands Index, Rome is considered the world's second most historically, educationally and culturally interesting and beautiful city.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gfkamerica.com/practice_areas/roper_pam/nbi_index/index.en.html/downloads/cbi2006-q4-free.pdf |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20081217002737/http://www.gfkamerica.com/practice_areas/roper_pam/nbi_index/index.en.html/downloads/cbi2006-q4-free.pdf |url-status=usurped |archive-date=17 December 2008 |title=Anholt-GfK Roper Nation Brands Index |website=GfK Custom Research North America }}</ref>

Rome has many universities and colleges. Its first university, [[Sapienza University of Rome|La Sapienza]] (founded in 1303), is one of the largest in the world, with more than 140,000 students attending; in 2005 it ranked as Europe's 33rd best university<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.arwu.org/rank/2005/ARWU2005_TopEuro.htm |title=Top 100 European Universities |date=2005 |website=Academic Ranking of World Universities |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090129082351/http://www.arwu.org/rank/2005/ARWU2005_TopEuro.htm |archive-date=29 January 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and in 2013 the Sapienza University of Rome ranked as the 62nd in the world and the top in Italy in its ''World University Rankings''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://cwur.org/2013.php |title=Top 100 Universities |date=2013 |website=Center for World University Rankings |access-date=22 August 2019 |archive-date=13 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213080424/https://cwur.org/2013.php |url-status=live}}</ref> and has been ranked among Europe's 50 and the world's 150 best colleges.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.arwu.org/rank2008/ARWU2008_TopEuro%28EN%29.htm |title=Top 100 European Universities |date=2008 |website=Academic Ranking of World Universities |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090521224840/http://www.arwu.org/rank2008/ARWU2008_TopEuro%28EN%29.htm |archive-date=21 May 2009 |url-status=dead |access-date=22 August 2019}}</ref> In order to decrease the overcrowding of La Sapienza, two new public universities were founded during the last decades: [[University of Rome Tor Vergata|Tor Vergata]] in 1982, and [[Roma Tre University|Roma Tre]] in 1992. Rome hosts also the [[LUISS School of Government]],<ref>{{cite web |title=LUISS School of Government |website=sog.luiss.it |url=http://www.sog.luiss.it/ |language=it |access-date=22 August 2019 |archive-date=10 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710155033/https://sog.luiss.it/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Italy's most important graduate university in the areas of international affairs and European studies as well as [[LUISS Business School]], Italy's most important business school. Rome [[Istituto superiore per le industrie artistiche (ISIA)|ISIA]] was founded in 1973 by [[Giulio Carlo Argan]] and is Italy's oldest institution in the field of [[industrial design]].
[[File:Biblioteca Casanatense.jpg|thumb|[[Biblioteca Casanatense]]]]

Rome contains many [[pontifical university|pontifical universities]] and other institutes, including the [[British School at Rome]], the [[French Academy in Rome|French School in Rome]], the [[Pontifical Gregorian University]] (the oldest [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] university in the world, founded in 1551), [[Istituto Europeo di Design]], the [[Lorenzo de' Medici School|Scuola Lorenzo de' Medici]], the Link [[Link Campus|Campus of Malta]], and the [[Università Campus Bio-Medico]]. Rome is also the location of two American Universities; [[The American University of Rome]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aur.edu/american-university-rome/ |title=The American University of Rome |publisher=The American University of Rome |access-date=4 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128230359/http://www.aur.edu/american-university-rome/ |archive-date=28 January 2013}}</ref> and [[John Cabot University]] as well as [[St. John's University (Italy)|St. John's University]] branch campus, [[John Felice Rome Center]], a campus of [[Loyola University Chicago]] and Temple University Rome, a campus of [[Temple University]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.temple.edu/studyabroad/programs/semester_year/italy/index.html |title=Temple Rome Study Abroad |publisher=Temple University |access-date=4 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130201112645/http://www.temple.edu/studyabroad/programs/semester_year/italy/index.html |archive-date=1 February 2013}}</ref> The [[Roman Colleges]] are several [[seminary|seminaries]] for students from foreign countries studying for the [[Catholic priesthood|priesthood]] at the Pontifical Universities.<ref name="NAC">{{cite web |url=http://www.pnac.org/about-us/about-the-nac/ |title=About the NAC |publisher=[[Pontifical North American College]] |access-date=1 October 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100825005857/http://www.pnac.org/about-us/about-the-nac/ |archive-date=25 August 2010}}</ref> Examples include the [[Venerable English College]], the [[Pontifical North American College]], the [[Scots College (Rome)|Scots College]], and the [[Pontifical Croatian College of St. Jerome]].
Rome's major libraries include: the {{Lang|it|[[Biblioteca Angelica]]|italic=no}}, opened in 1604, making it Italy's first public library; the [[Biblioteca Vallicelliana]], established in 1565; the [[Biblioteca Casanatense]], opened in 1701; the [[National Central Library (Rome)|National Central Library]], one of the two national libraries in Italy, which contains 4,126,002 volumes; The Biblioteca del Ministero degli Affari Esteri, specialised in diplomacy, foreign affairs and modern history; the Biblioteca dell'Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana; the Biblioteca Don Bosco, one of the largest and most modern of all Salesian libraries; the Biblioteca e Museo teatrale del Burcardo, a museum-library specialised in history of drama and theatre; the Biblioteca della [[Società Geografica Italiana]], which is based in the [[Villa Mattei|Villa Celimontana]] and is the most important geographical library in Italy, and one of Europe's most important;<ref>Amedeo Benedetti, ''La Biblioteca della Società Geografica Italiana'', "Biblioteche oggi", n. 3, aprile 2009, p. 41.</ref> and the [[Vatican Library]], one of the oldest and most important libraries in the world, which was formally established in 1475, though in fact much older and has 75,000 [[codex|codices]], as well as 1.1 million printed books, which include some 8,500 [[Incunabulum|incunabula]]. There are also many specialist libraries attached to various foreign cultural institutes in Rome, among them that of the [[American Academy in Rome]], the [[French Academy in Rome]] and the [[Bibliotheca Hertziana – Max Planck Institute of Art History]], a German library, often noted for excellence in the arts and sciences.<ref>{{cite web |author=Max Planck Gesellschaft e.V |url=http://www.mpg.de/english/aboutTheSociety/aboutUs/scientificAwards/awardsOfMPS/hannoIlseHahnPrize/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080613192334/http://www.mpg.de/english/aboutTheSociety/aboutUs/scientificAwards/awardsOfMPS/hannoIlseHahnPrize/index.html |archive-date=13 June 2008 |title=Max Planck Society – Hanno and Ilse Hahn Prize |publisher=Mpg.de |date=17 May 2006 |access-date=25 January 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref>