Poetry

===Ode===
{{Main|Ode}}
[[File:Quintus Horatius Flaccus.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Horace]]]]
Odes were first developed by poets writing in ancient Greek, such as [[Pindar]], and Latin, such as [[Horace]]. Forms of odes appear in many of the cultures that were influenced by the Greeks and Latins.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gray |first=Thomas |title=English lyrics from Dryden to Burns |publisher=Elibron |year=2000 |isbn=978-1-4021-0064-2 |pages=155–56}}</ref> The ode generally has three parts: a [[strophe]], an [[antistrophe]], and an [[epode]]. The strophe and the antistrophe of the ode possess similar metrical structures and, depending on the tradition, similar rhyme structures. In contrast, the epode is written with a different scheme and structure. Odes have a formal poetic diction and generally deal with a serious subject. The strophe and antistrophe look at the subject from different, often conflicting, perspectives, with the epode moving to a higher level to either view or resolve the underlying issues. Odes are often intended to be recited or sung by two choruses (or individuals), with the first reciting the strophe, the second the antistrophe, and both together the epode.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Gayley |first1=Charles Mills |title=English Poetry |last2=Young |first2=Clement C. |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |year=2005 |isbn=978-1-4179-0086-2 |edition=Reprint |page=lxxxv}}</ref> Over time, differing forms for odes have developed with considerable variations in form and structure, but generally showing the original influence of the Pindaric or Horatian ode. One non-Western form which resembles the ode is the [[qasida]] in [[Arabic poetry]].<ref>{{Cite book |editor-last=Kuiper |editor-first=Kathleen |url=https://archive.org/details/poetrydramaliter0000unse/page/51 |title=Poetry and drama literary terms and concepts |publisher=Britannica Educational Pub. in association with Rosen Educational Services |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-61530-539-1 |page=[https://archive.org/details/poetrydramaliter0000unse/page/51 51]}}</ref>