North America

=== Populace ===
{{See also|List of North American countries by population|List of North American cities by population|List of North American metropolitan areas by population}}
{{multiple image
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| header            = North American cities
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| image1            = Mexico City Reforma skyline (cropped).jpg
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| caption1          = [[Mexico City]]
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| caption2          = [[New York City]]
| image3            = Los Angeles with Mount Baldy.jpg
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| caption3          = [[Los Angeles]]
| image4            = Downtown Toronto in September 2018 (Early Sunday Morning, view from a kayak).jpg
| width4            = 200
| caption4          = [[Toronto]]
| image5            = Chicago-00.jpg
| width5            = 200
| caption5          = [[Chicago]]
| image6            = Luchtfoto van Lower Manhattan.jpg
| width6            = 200
| caption6          = [[New York City]]
| image7            = Zapopan Guadalajara Mexico 2 (cropped).jpg
| width7            = 200
| caption7          = [[Guadalajara metropolitan area|Guadalajara]]
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}}

[[File:Life expectancy map -North America -2021 -with names.png|thumb|202px|[[Life expectancy]] in North America in 2021]]

North America is the [[List of continents by population|fourth]] most populous continent after Asia, Africa, and [[Europe]].<ref>{{cite web|title=North America Fast Facts|url=http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/nafacts.htm|access-date=16 June 2013|publisher=World Atlas.com|archive-date=23 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130623005828/http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/nafacts.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Its most populous country is the U.S. with 329.7 million persons. The second-largest country is Mexico with a population of 112.3 million.<ref name="INEGI 2010 Census Statistics">{{cite web|url=http://www.inegi.org.mx/inegi/contenidos/espanol/prensa/comunicados/rpcpyv10.asp |title=INEGI 2010 Census Statistics |publisher=inegi.org.mx |access-date=25 November 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110108101543/http://www.inegi.org.mx/inegi/contenidos/espanol/prensa/comunicados/rpcpyv10.asp |archive-date=8 January 2011 }}</ref> Canada is the third-most-populous country with 37.0 million.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1710000901|title=Population estimates, quarterly|website=Statistics Canada |date=27 June 2018 |access-date=10 December 2018|archive-date=9 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190109220020/https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1710000901|url-status=live}}</ref> The majority of Caribbean island-nations have national populations under a million, though Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Puerto Rico (a territory of the U.S.), Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago each have populations higher than a million.<ref name="cubastat">{{cite web |title=Anuario Estadístico de Cuba 2009 |url=http://www.one.cu/aec2009/esp/20080618_tabla_cuadro.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100716124826/http://www.one.cu/aec2009/esp/20080618_tabla_cuadro.htm |archive-date=16 July 2010 |access-date=6 November 2010 |publisher=Oficina Nacional de Estadísticas, República de Cuba |language=es |edition=2010}} Note: An exchange rate of 1 CUC to US$1.08 was used to convert GDP. [https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cuba/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202182827/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cuba/|date=2 December 2021}}</ref><ref name="prez">{{cite web |url=http://www.presidencia.gob.do/app/pre_nuestro_pais.aspx?id=372 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071122172644/http://www.presidencia.gob.do/app/pre_nuestro_pais.aspx?id=372 |archive-date=22 November 2007 |title=Presidencia de la República; Generalidades |access-date=14 December 2009|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The World Factbook: Haiti |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/haiti/ |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |access-date=11 June 2011 |archive-date=9 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209014627/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/haiti/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/index.php |title=2010 U.S. Census Data |publisher=2010.census.gov |access-date=6 February 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120215083619/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/index.php |archive-date=15 February 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The World Factbook: Jamaica |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/jamaica/ |access-date=11 June 2011 |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |archive-date=11 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111023238/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/jamaica |url-status=live }}</ref> Greenland has a small population of 55,984 for its massive size (2.166 million&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> or 836,300&nbsp;mi<sup>2</sup>), and therefore, it has the world's lowest population density at 0.026 pop./km<sup>2</sup> (0.067 pop./mi<sup>2</sup>).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://stat.gl/dialog/main.asp?lang=en&theme=Population&link=BE|title=Grønlands Statistik|website=stat.gl|access-date=29 November 2020|archive-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119100924/https://stat.gl/dialog/main.asp?lang=en&theme=Population&link=BE|url-status=live}}</ref>

While the U.S., Canada, and Mexico maintain the largest populations, large city populations are not restricted to those nations. There are also large cities in the [[Caribbean]]. The largest cities in North America, by far, are Mexico City and New York City. These cities are the only cities on the continent to exceed eight million, and two of three in the Americas. Next in size are Los Angeles, [[Toronto]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/city_hall/2013/03/05/torontos_population_overtakes_chicago.html |title=Toronto's population overtakes Chicago |work=Toronto Star |date=5 March 2013 |access-date=6 September 2017 |archive-date=8 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130308132904/http://www.thestar.com/news/city_hall/2013/03/05/torontos_population_overtakes_chicago.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Chicago, Havana, Santo Domingo, and [[Montreal]]. Cities in the [[Sun Belt]] regions of the U.S., such as those in Southern California and [[Houston]], [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix]], Miami, [[Atlanta]], and [[Las Vegas]], are experiencing rapid growth. These causes included warm temperatures, retirement of [[Baby Boomers]], large industry, and the influx of immigrants. Cities near the U.S. border, particularly in Mexico, are also experiencing large amounts of growth. Most notable is [[Tijuana]], a city bordering San Diego that receives immigrants from all over Latin America and parts of Europe and Asia. Yet as cities grow in these warmer regions of North America, they are increasingly forced to deal with the major issue of [[water shortages]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Cetron |first1=Marvin J. |last2=O'Toole |first2=Thomas |url=https://archive.org/details/encounterswithfu00cetr |url-access=registration |title=Encounters with the future: a forecast of life into the 21st century |publisher=Mcgraw-Hill |date=April 1982 |page=[https://archive.org/details/encounterswithfu00cetr/page/34 34]|isbn=978-0-07-010347-4 }}</ref>

Eight of the top ten [[metropolitan area]]s are [[Metropolitan statistical area|located in the U.S.]] These metropolitan areas all have a population of above 5.5 million and include the [[New York City metropolitan area]], [[Los Angeles metropolitan area]], [[Chicago metropolitan area]], and the [[Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex]].<ref name="PopEstCBSA">{{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_NSRD_GCTPL2.US24PR&prodType=table|title=Population and Housing Occupancy Status: 2010 – United States – Metropolitan Statistical Area; and for Puerto Rico more information 2010 Census National Summary File of Redistricting Data|work=2010 United States Census|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]], Population Division|date=14 April 2011|access-date=14 April 2011}}{{dead link|bot=medic|date=April 2020}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> Whilst the majority of the largest metropolitan areas are within the U.S., Mexico is host to the largest metropolitan area by population in North America: [[Greater Mexico City]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The World Factbook: Mexico |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mexico/ |access-date=20 June 2011 |publisher=Central Intelligence Agence |archive-date=26 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126164719/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mexico |url-status=live }}</ref> Canada also breaks into the top ten largest metropolitan areas with the [[Toronto metropolitan area]] having six million people.<ref name="statcan2006">{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/prof/92-591/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CMA&Code1=535__&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&Data=Count&SearchText=Toronto&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom= |title=Toronto, Ontario (Census metropolitan area) |author=Statistics Canada |author-link=Statistics Canada |work=[[Canada 2006 Census|Census 2006]] |year=2006 |access-date=29 January 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114131145/http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/prof/92-591/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CMA&Code1=535__&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&Data=Count&SearchText=Toronto&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom= |archive-date=14 January 2015 }}</ref> The proximity of cities to each other on the [[Canada–United States border]] and the [[Mexico–U.S. border]] has led to the rise of international metropolitan areas. These [[urban agglomerations]] are observed at their largest and most productive in [[Detroit–Windsor]] and [[San Diego–Tijuana]] and experience large commercial, economic, and cultural activity. The metropolitan areas are responsible for millions of dollars of trade dependent on international freight. In Detroit-Windsor the Border Transportation Partnership study in 2004 concluded US$13 billion was dependent on the Detroit–Windsor international border crossing while in San Diego-Tijuana freight at the Otay Mesa Port of Entry was valued at US$20 billion.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Detroit Regional Chamber |year=2006 |url=http://www.detroitchamber.com/detroiter/articles.asp?cid=7&detcid=531 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060321130504/http://www.detroitchamber.com/detroiter/articles.asp?cid=7&detcid=531 |archive-date=21 March 2006 |title=Detroit/Windsor Border Update: Part I – Detroit River International Crossing Study}}</ref><ref name="Planning SD-TJ">{{cite web |title=Chapter IV Planning for the Future: Urban & Regional Planning in the San Diego-Tijuana Region |publisher=International Community Foundation |url=http://www.icfdn.org/publications/blurredborders/documents/urbanch4.pdf |access-date=20 March 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723181848/http://www.icfdn.org/publications/blurredborders/documents/urbanch4.pdf |archive-date=23 July 2011}}</ref>

{{Further|Megaregions of the United States}}
North America has also been witness to the growth of [[megapolitan area]]s. The United States includes eleven megaregions.

{| class="sortable wikitable" class="wikitable"
|+ The top ten largest North American [[metropolitan area]]s by population as of 2013, based on national census numbers from the [[United States census|U.S.]] and census estimates from [[Census in Canada|Canada]] and [[Censo General de Población y Vivienda|Mexico]]
|-
| '''Metro Area'''
| '''Population'''
| '''Area'''
| '''Country'''
|- style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"
| [[Greater Mexico City|Mexico City]]
| 21,163,226<sup>†</sup>
| {{cvt|7346|km2}}
| Mexico
|- style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"
| [[New York metropolitan area|New York City]]
| 19,949,502
| {{cvt|17405|km2}}
| United States
|- style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"
| [[Los Angeles metropolitan area|Los Angeles]]
| 13,131,431
| {{cvt|12562|km2}}
| United States
|- style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"
| [[Chicago metropolitan area|Chicago]]
| 9,537,289
| {{cvt|24814|km2}}
| United States
|- style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"
| [[Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex|Dallas–Fort Worth]]
| 6,810,913
| {{cvt|24059|km2}}
| United States
|- style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"
| [[Greater Houston|Houston]]
| 6,313,158
| {{cvt|26061|km2}}
| United States
|- style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"
| [[Greater Toronto Area#Census metropolitan area|Toronto]]
| 6,054,191<sup>†</sup>
| {{cvt|5906|km2}}
| Canada
|- style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"
| [[Delaware Valley|Philadelphia]]
| 6,034,678
| {{cvt|13256|km2}}
| United States
|- style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"
| [[Washington, D.C. metropolitan area|Washington, D.C.]]
| 5,949,859
| {{cvt|14412|km2}}
| United States
|- style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"
| [[South Florida metropolitan area|Miami]]
| 5,828,191
| {{cvt|15896|km2}}
| United States
|}
<small><sup>†</sup>2011 Census figures</small>
{{Clear}}