New Orleans

=== Race and ethnicity ===
{{see also|Hondurans in New Orleans|Italians in New Orleans|Vietnamese in New Orleans}}
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed collapsible" style="font-size: 90%;"
|-
! Historic racial and ethnic composition
!2020<ref name=":5" />!! 2010<ref>{{cite web |url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/22/2255000.html |title=New Orleans (city), Louisiana |website=State & County QuickFacts |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160102053100/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/22/2255000.html |archive-date=January 2, 2016}}</ref>!! 1990<ref name="census1">{{cite web |title=Louisiana – Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |url=https://www.census.gov//population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |access-date=April 20, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812191959/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |archive-date=August 12, 2012}}</ref>!! 1970<ref name="census1" /> !! 1940<ref name="census1" />
|-
| [[White American|White]]
|n/a|| 33.0% || 34.9% || 54.5% || 69.7%
|-
| —[[Non-Hispanic whites|Non-Hispanic]]
|31.61%|| 30.5% || 33.1% ||  50.6%{{efn|name="fifteen"|From 15% sample}} || n/a
|-
| [[African American|Black or African American]]
|53.61%|| 60.2% ||   61.9% ||  45.0% || 30.1%
|-
| [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (of any race)
|8.08%|| 5.2% || 3.5% || 4.4%{{efn|name="fifteen"}} || n/a
|-
| [[Asian American|Asian]]
|2.75%|| 2.9% ||  1.9% || 0.2% || 0.1%
|-
|Pacific Islander
|0.03%
|n/a
|n/a
|n/a
|n/a
|-
|Two or more races
|3.71%
|1.7%
|n/a
|n/a
|n/a
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+'''Orleans Parish, Louisiana  – Racial and ethnic composition'''<br><small>{{nobold|''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.''}}</small>
!Race / Ethnicity <small>(''NH = Non-Hispanic'')</small>
!Pop 2000<ref name=2000CensusP004>{{Cite web |title=P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Orleans Parish, Louisiana |url=https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALSF12000.P004?q=p004&g=050XX00US22071&tid |website=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=September 2, 2023 |archive-date=September 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902145223/https://data.census.gov/table?q=p004&g=050XX00US22071&tid=DECENNIALSF12000.P004 |url-status=live }}</ref>
!Pop 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2>{{Cite web |title=P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Orleans Parish, Louisiana |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=p2&g=050XX00US22071&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2 |website=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=September 2, 2023 |archive-date=September 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902145223/https://data.census.gov/table?q=p2&g=050XX00US22071&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2 |url-status=live }}</ref>
!{{partial|Pop 2020}}<ref name=2020CensusP2>{{Cite web |title=P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Orleans Parish, Louisiana |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=050XX00US22071&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2 |website=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=September 2, 2023 |archive-date=September 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902145223/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=050XX00US22071&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2 |url-status=live }}</ref>
!% 2000
!% 2010
!{{partial|% 2020}}
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] alone (NH)
|128,971
|104,770
|style='background: #ffffe6; |121,385
|26.59%
|30.47%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |31.61%
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] alone (NH)
|323,392
|204,866
|style='background: #ffffe6; |205,876
|66.72%
|59.58%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |53.61%
|-
|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] alone (NH)
|852
|827
|style='background: #ffffe6; |761
|0.18%
|0.24%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.20%
|-
|[[Asian Americans|Asian]] alone (NH)
|10,919
|9,883
|style='background: #ffffe6; |10,573
|2.25%
|2.87%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |2.75%
|-
|[[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] alone (NH)
|88
|105
|style='background: #ffffe6; |125
|0.02%
|0.03%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.03%
|-
|[[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|Other race]] alone (NH)
|961
|967
|style='background: #ffffe6; |2,075
|0.20%
|0.28%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.54%
|-
|[[Multiracial Americans|Mixed race or Multiracial]] (NH)
|4,765
|4,360
|style='background: #ffffe6; |12,185
|0.98%
|1.27%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |3.17%
|-
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (any race)
|14,826
|18,051
|style='background: #ffffe6; |31,017
|3.06%
|5.25%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |8.08%
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''484,674'''
|'''343,829'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''373,977'''
|'''100.00%'''
|'''100.00%'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''100.00%'''
|}

[[File:Ethnic Origins in New Orleans.png|left|thumb|Ethnic origins in New Orleans]]
[[File:Race and ethnicity 2010- New Orleans (5560463750).png|thumb|Map of racial distribution in the Greater New Orleans area, 2010 U.S. census. Each dot is 25 people: {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ff0000|White}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#0000ff|Black}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#00ffaa|Asian}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ffa600|Hispanic}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ffff07|Other}}]]

Growing into a predominantly Black and African American city by race and ethnicity since 1990,<ref name="census1" /> in 2010 the racial and ethnic makeup of New Orleans was 60.2% Black and African American, 33.0% [[White Americans|White]], 2.9% [[Asian Americans|Asian]] (1.7% Vietnamese, 0.3% Indian, 0.3% Chinese, 0.1% Filipino, 0.1% Korean), 0.0% [[Pacific Islander American|Pacific Islander]], and 1.7% people of [[Multiracial Americans|two or more races]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |url=https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_PL_QTPL&prodType=table |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520164400/http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_PL_QTPL&prodType=table |url-status=dead |title=American FactFinder – Results |first=U. S. Census |last=Bureau |archive-date=May 20, 2011 |website=factfinder.census.gov}}</ref> People of [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino American]] origin made up 5.3% of the population; 1.3% were Mexican, 1.3% Honduran, 0.4% Cuban, 0.3% Puerto Rican, and 0.3% Nicaraguan. In 2020, the racial and ethnic makeup of the city was 53.61% Black or African American, 31.61% [[non-Hispanic white]], 0.2% [[Native Americans in the United States|American Indian and Alaska Native]], 0.03% Pacific Islander, 3.71% multiracial or of another race, and 8.08% Hispanic and Latino American of any race.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=2020 Racial and Ethnic Statistics |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US2255000&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2 |access-date=2022-01-04 |website=U.S. Census Bureau |archive-date=December 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211219011140/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US2255000&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2 |url-status=live }}</ref> The growth of the Hispanic and Latino population in New Orleans proper from 2010 to 2020 reflected national demographic trends of diversification throughout regions once predominantly non-Hispanic white.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Latinos account for over half of the country's population growth |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/latino/latinos-account-half-countrys-population-growth-rcna1667 |access-date=2022-02-13 |website=NBC News |date=August 13, 2021 |language=en |archive-date=January 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117012248/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/latino/latinos-account-half-countrys-population-growth-rcna1667 |url-status=live }}</ref> Additionally, the 2020 census revealed the city now has a more diverse population than it did before Katrina, yet 21% fewer people than it had in 2000.<ref>Jessica Williams. (12 December 2021). "Census 2020: Who lives in the New Orleans metro now? Data show more diverse population". [https://www.nola.com/news/census-2020-who-lives-in-the-new-orleans-metro-now-data-show-more-diverse-population/article_391789a2-fb9a-11eb-a125-1bf5db471b82.html nola.com website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209012132/https://www.nola.com/news/census-2020-who-lives-in-the-new-orleans-metro-now-data-show-more-diverse-population/article_391789a2-fb9a-11eb-a125-1bf5db471b82.html |date=December 9, 2022 }} Retrieved 8 December 2022.</ref>

{{As of|2011}}, the Hispanic and Latino American population had also grown in the Greater New Orleans area alongside Black and African American residents, including in [[Kenner, Louisiana|Kenner]], central [[Metairie, Louisiana|Metairie]], and [[Terrytown, Louisiana|Terrytown]] in Jefferson Parish and Eastern New Orleans and Mid-City in New Orleans proper.<ref name="HispboomKENNER">"[http://www.nola.com/politics/index.ssf/2011/06/hispanic_population_booms_in_k.html Hispanic population booms in Kenner and elsewhere in New Orleans area]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20150828183230/http://www.nola.com/politics/index.ssf/2011/06/hispanic_population_booms_in_k.html Archive]). ''[[The Times-Picayune]]''. June 15, 2011. Retrieved on September 7, 2015.</ref> [[Janet Murguía]], president and chief executive officer of the [[UnidosUS]], stated that up to 120,000 Hispanic and Latino Americans workers lived in New Orleans. In June 2007, one study stated that the Hispanic and Latino American population had risen from 15,000, pre-Katrina, to over 50,000.<ref>Moreno Gonzales, J. [https://www.theguardian.com/worldlatest/story/0,,-6752697,00.html Katrina Brought a Wave of Hispanics.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240110085306/https://www.theguardian.com/world |date=January 10, 2024 }} ''Guardian Unlimited'', July 2, 2007.</ref>
 
After Katrina the small [[Brazilian Americans|Brazilian American]] population expanded. Portuguese speakers were the second most numerous group to take [[English as a second language]] classes in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New Orleans, after Spanish speakers. Many Brazilians worked in skilled trades such as tile and flooring, although fewer worked as day laborers than other Hispanic and Latino Americans. Many had moved from Brazilian communities in the [[northeastern United States]], and Florida and Georgia. Brazilians settled throughout the metropolitan area; most were undocumented. In January 2008, the New Orleans Brazilian population had a mid-range estimate of 3,000 people. By 2008, Brazilians had opened many small churches, shops and restaurants catering to their community.<ref>Nolan, Bruce. "[http://www.chron.com/news/nation-world/article/New-Orleans-now-home-to-thousands-of-Brazilians-1590764.php New Orleans now home to thousands of Brazilians]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20150925150521/http://www.chron.com/news/nation-world/article/New-Orleans-now-home-to-thousands-of-Brazilians-1590764.php Archive]). ''[[Houston Chronicle]]''. Sunday January 27, 2008. Retrieved on September 6, 2015.</ref>

Among the growing [[Asian Americans|Asian American]] community, the earliest [[Filipino Americans]] to live within the city arrived in the early 1800s.<ref>{{cite book |first=Floro L. |last=Mercene |title=Manila Men in the New World: Filipino Migration to Mexico and the Americas from the Sixteenth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OSqhZphG_gQC&pg=PA107 |year=2007 |publisher=UP Press |isbn=978-971-542-529-2 |pages=107–08 |access-date=August 26, 2018 |archive-date=January 10, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240110085306/https://books.google.com/books?id=OSqhZphG_gQC&pg=PA107#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> The Vietnamese American community grew to become the largest by 2010 as many fled the aftermath of the [[Vietnam War]] in the 1970s.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hiltner |first=Stephen |date=2018-05-05 |title=Vietnamese Forged a Community in New Orleans. Now It May Be Fading. |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/05/us/vietnamese-forged-a-community-in-new-orleans-now-it-may-be-fading.html |access-date=2021-07-17 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=July 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717003735/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/05/us/vietnamese-forged-a-community-in-new-orleans-now-it-may-be-fading.html |url-status=live }}</ref>