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Do not fill this in! ===Notes=== {{reflist|refs= <!-- <ref name=Jones2003>{{cite book|last=Jones|first=Daniel|author-link=Daniel Jones (phonetician)|year=2003|orig-year=1917|title=English Pronouncing Dictionary|editor-last1=Roach|editor-first1=Peter|editor-last2=Hartmann|editor-first2=James|editor-last3=Setter|editor-first3=Jane|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-3-12-539683-8}}</ref> --> <ref name=Baum2006_156>{{cite book|last=Baum|first=Bruce David|year=2006|title=The Rise and Fall of the Caucasian Race: A Political History of Racial Identity|url=https://archive.org/details/risefallcaucasia00baum|url-access=limited|location=New York City/London|publisher=New York University Press|page=[https://archive.org/details/risefallcaucasia00baum/page/n166 156]|isbn=978-1-4294-1506-4}}</ref> <ref name=Kobrak2004>{{cite book|last1=Kobrak|first1=Christopher|last2=Hansen|first2=Per H.|last3=Kopper|first3=Christopher|chapter=Business, Political Risk, and Historians in the Twentieth Century|year=2004|editor-last1=Kobrak|editor-first1=Christopher|editor-last2=Hansen|editor-first2=Per H.|title=European Business, Dictatorship, and Political Risk, 1920–1945|location=New York City/Oxford|publisher=Berghahn Books|isbn=978-1-57181-629-0|pages=16–7|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1oXbDyeLYXoC&q=anti-capitalist+enough&pg=PA16}}</ref> <ref name=Lepage2009_9>{{cite book|first=Jean-Denis|last=Lepage|year=2009|title=Hitler Youth, 1922–1945: An Illustrated History|url=https://archive.org/details/hitleryouthillus00lepa|url-access=limited|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-3935-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/hitleryouthillus00lepa/page/n15 9]}}</ref> <ref name=GottliebMorgensen2007>{{cite book|editor1-last=Gottlieb|editor1-first=Henrik|editor1-link=Henrik Gottlieb|editor2-last=Morgensen|editor2-first=Jens Erik|year=2007|title=Dictionary Visions, Research and Practice: Selected Papers from the 12th International Symposium on Lexicography, Copenhagen 2004|edition=illustrated|location=Amsterdam|publisher=J. Benjamins Pub. Co.|isbn=978-90-272-2334-0|page=247|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UaggHAJ7jToC&pg=PA247|access-date=22 October 2014}}</ref> <!-- 5 --> <ref name=HarperOED>{{cite web|last1=Harper|first1=Douglas|title=Nazi|website=etymonline.com|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Nazi|access-date=22 October 2014}}</ref> <ref name=Sourcebook>{{cite book|editor1-last=Rabinbach|editor1-first=Anson|editor1-link=Anson Rabinbach|editor2-last=Gilman|editor2-first=Sander|editor2-link=Sander Gilman|year=2013|title=The Third Reich Sourcebook|location=Berkeley |publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-95514-1|page=4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XhDakMp55i0C&pg=PA4}}</ref> <ref name=DailyTelegraph23102011>{{cite news|last1=Copping|first1=Jasper|date=23 October 2011|title=Why Hitler hated being called a Nazi and what's really in humble pie – origins of words and phrases revealed|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/8843158/Why-Hitler-hated-being-called-a-Nazi-and-whats-really-in-humble-pie-origins-of-words-and-phrases-revealed.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/8843158/Why-Hitler-hated-being-called-a-Nazi-and-whats-really-in-humble-pie-origins-of-words-and-phrases-revealed.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=22 October 2014}}{{cbignore}}</ref> <ref name=Seebold2002>{{cite book|editor-last=Seebold|editor-first=Elmar|editor-link=Elmar Seebold|year=2002|title=Kluge Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache|edition=24th|location=Berlin|publisher=[[Walter de Gruyter]]|language=de|isbn=978-3-11-017473-1}}</ref> <!-- 10 --> <ref name=Fritzsche_Eatwell_Griffin>{{cite book|last=Fritzsche|first=Peter|author-link=Peter Fritzsche|year=1998|title=Germans into Nazis|url=https://archive.org/details/germansintonazis00frit|url-access=registration|location=Cambridge, Massachusetts|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-35092-2}}<br />{{cite book|last=Eatwell|first=Roger|year=1997|title=Fascism, A History|publisher=Viking-Penguin|isbn=978-0-14-025700-7|pages=xvii–xxiv, 21, 26–31, 114–140, 352}}<br />{{cite book|last=Griffin|first=Roger|author-link=Roger Griffin|year=2000|chapter=Revolution from the Right: Fascism|editor-last=Parker|editor-first=David|title=Revolutions and the Revolutionary Tradition in the West 1560–1991|location=London|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-17295-0|pages=185–201}}</ref> <ref name="Adolf Hitler 2010, p. 287">Hitler, Adolf, ''Mein Kampf'', Bottom of the Hill Publishing, 2010, p. 287.</ref> <ref name="Adolf Hitler p. 170">Hitler, Adolf in [[Max Domarus|Domarus, Max]] and Patrick Romane, eds. ''The Essential Hitler: Speeches and Commentary'', Waulconda, Illinois: Bolchazi-Carducci Publishers, Inc., 2007, p. 170.</ref> <ref name="Adolf Hitler">"They must unite, [Hitler] said, to defeat the common enemy, Jewish Marxism." ''A New Beginning,'' Adolf Hitler, ''Völkischer Beobachter.'' February 1925. Cited in: {{cite book|last=Toland |first=John|year=1992|title=Adolf Hitler|publisher=Anchor Books|page=207|isbn=978-0-385-03724-2}}</ref> <!-- ref name="autogenerated1">Blamires, Cyprian; Jackson, Paul. ''World Fascism: A Historical Encyclopedia: Volume 1''. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, Inc, 2006, p. 61.</ref --> <ref name="autogenerated11">Bendersky, Joseph W. ''A History of Nazi Germany: 1919–1945''. 2nd ed. Burnham Publishers, 2000, p. 40.</ref> <ref name="autogenerated16">Blamires, Cyprian; Jackson, Paul. ''World Fascism: A Historical Encyclopedia: Volume 1''. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, Inc, 2006, p. 628.</ref> <ref name="autogenerated20">Bendersky, Joseph W. ''A History of Nazi Germany: 1919–1945''. 2nd ed. Burnham Publishers, 2000, p. 72.</ref> <ref name="autogenerated6">Blamires, Cyprian; Jackson, Paul. ''World Fascism: A Historical Encyclopedia: Volume 1''. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, Inc, 2006, p. 62.</ref> <ref name="autogenerated7">Winkler, Heinrich August and Alexander Sager, ''Germany: The Long Road West'', English ed. 2006, p. 414.</ref> <ref name="autogenerated8">Stackelberg, Roderick; Winkle, Sally Anne. ''The Nazi Germany Sourcebook: An Anthology of Texts'', London: Routledge, 2002, p. 11.</ref> <ref name="baylor">[[Marc H. Ellis|Ellis, Marc H]]. [http://www3.baylor.edu/American_Jewish/everythingthatusedtobehere/resources/PowerPoints/Christian%20Anti-Semitism%20(part%202).ppt "Hitler and the Holocaust, Christian Anti-Semitism"]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070710100514/http://www3.baylor.edu/American_Jewish/everythingthatusedtobehere/resources/PowerPoints/Christian%20Anti-Semitism%20%28part%202%29.ppt |date=10 July 2007}}, Baylor University Center for American and Jewish Studies, Spring 2004, slide 14. Also see [http://elsinore.cis.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/imt/proc/04-29-46.htm#herrwerth Nuremberg Trial Proceedings] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060321151237/http://elsinore.cis.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/imt/proc/04-29-46.htm |date=21 March 2006}}, Vol. 12, p. 318, Avalon Project, Yale Law School, 19 April 1946.</ref> <ref name="Bernd-Rüdiger Hüppauf 1997, p. 92">Hüppauf, Bernd-Rüdiger ''War, Violence, and the Modern Condition'', Berlin: Walter de Gruyter & Co., 1997, p. 92.</ref> <ref name="Burleigh, 2000, p. 77">Burleigh, Michael. ''The Third Reich: A New History'', New York: Hill and Wang, 2000, p. 77.</ref> <ref name="burleigh">Burleigh, Michael. ''The Third Reich: A New History'', New York: Hill and Wang, 2000. pp. 76–77.</ref> <ref name="Carlsten, F. L. 1982, p. 80">Carlsten, F. L. ''The Rise of Fascism''. 2nd ed. University of California Press, 1982, p. 80.</ref> <ref name="carroll">Carroll Quigley, ''Tragedy and Hope'', 1966, p. 619.</ref> <ref name="commentary">Adolf Hitler, [[Max Domarus|Max Domarus]]. ''The Essential Hitler: Speeches and Commentary''. pp. 171, 172–173.</ref> <ref name="communism">Furet, François, ''Passing of an Illusion: The Idea of Communism in the Twentieth Century'', 1999, p. 191.</ref> <ref name="constructing">Keith H. Pickus. ''Constructing Modern Identities: Jewish University Students in Germany, 1815–1914''. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press, 1999, p. 86.</ref> <ref name="dictator">David Welch. ''Hitler: Profile of a Dictator''. 2nd edition. New York: UCL Press, 2001. pp. 13–14.</ref> <ref name="dictator11">David Welch. ''Hitler: Profile of a Dictator'', 2001, p. 16.</ref> <ref name="dictators">[[Richard Overy|Overy, R.J.]], ''The Dictators: Hitler's Germany and Stalin's Russia'', W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 2004, p. 230.</ref> <!-- <ref name="dictatorship">MacGregor Knox. ''Common Destiny: Dictatorship, Foreign Policy, and War in Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany''. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 2000, p. 208.</ref> <ref name="dictionary">[[Walter John Raymond]]. ''Dictionary of Politics'', 1992, p. 327.</ref --> <ref name="disciples">Read, Anthony, ''The Devil's Disciples: Hitler's Inner Circle'', New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2004, p. 142</ref> <ref name="dissolution">David Jablonsky. ''The Nazi Party in Dissolution: Hitler and the Verbotzeit, 1923–1925''. London; Totowa, NJ: Frank Cass and Company Ltd., 1989. pp. 20–26, 30</ref> <ref name="documents">J Noakes and G Pridham, ''Documents on Nazism, 1919–1945'', London 1974</ref> <ref name=economic573>{{cite journal|last=Temin|first=Peter|author-link=Peter Temin|date=November 1991|title=Soviet and Nazi economic planning in the 1930s|journal=The Economic History Review |series=New Series|volume=44|issue=4|pages=573–93|doi=10.2307/2597802|url=http://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/1721.1/64262/1/sovietnazieconom00temi.pdf|jstor=2597802|hdl=1721.1/64262|hdl-access=free}}</ref> <ref name="economics">Barkai, Avaraham 1990. ''Nazi Economics: Ideology, Theory and Policy.'' Oxford Berg Publisher.</ref> <!-- unused citation <ref name="education">Lisa Pine. ''Education in Nazi Germany''. Oxford, England; New York: Berg, 2011, p. 5.</ref> --> <!-- <ref name="encyclopedia">L.L. Snyder, ''Encyclopedia Of The Third Reich'', Wordsworth Editions Ltd, 1998, p. 245</ref> --> <ref name="encyclopedia15">Blamires, Cyprian; Jackson, Paul. ''World Fascism: A Historical Encyclopedia: Volume 1'', 2006, p. 629.</ref> <ref name="encyclopedia7">Cyprian Blamires. ''World Fascism: A Historical Encyclopedia, Volume 1''. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, Inc., 2006, p. 542.</ref> <ref name="encyclopedia9">Blamires, Cyprian and Paul Jackson, ''World Fascism: A Historical Encyclopedia: Volume 1'', 2006, p. 126.</ref> <ref name="evolution">Peter J. Bowler. ''Evolution: The History of an Idea'', 1989, p. 305.</ref> <ref name="experiences">[[Clarence Lusane]]. ''Hitler's Black Victims: The Historical Experiences of Afro-Germans, European Blacks, Africans, and African Americans in the Nazi Era''. Routledge, 2002. pp. 112–113, 189.</ref> <ref name="foundations">Browder, George C., ''Foundations of the Nazi Police State: The Formation of Sipo and SD'', Lexington: Kentucky University Press, 2004, p. 202.</ref> <ref name="François Furet 1999. pp. 191-192">Furet, François, ''Passing of an Illusion: The Idea of Communism in the Twentieth Century'', Chicago; London: University of Chicago Press, 1999. {{ISBN|0-226-27340-7}}, pp. 191–192.</ref> <!-- <ref name="Frank McDonough 2003, p. 64">Frank McDonough. ''Hitler and the Rise of the Nazi Party''. Pearson/Longman, 2003, p. 64.</ref> --> <ref name="friedlander">Henry Friedlander. ''The Origins of Nazi Genocide: From Euthanasia to the Final Solution''. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995, p. 5.</ref> <ref name="Fulda, Bernhard 2009, p. 65">Fulda, Bernhard. ''Press and Politics in the Weimar Republic''. Oxford University Press, 2009, p. 65.</ref> <ref name="google">[[William W. Hagen]] (2012). "''[https://books.google.com/books?id=zBgr3kL-PP4C German History in Modern Times: Four Lives of the Nation]''". Cambridge University Press, p. 313. {{ISBN|0-521-19190-4}}</ref> <ref name="guillebaud">Guillebaud, Claude W. 1939. ''The Economic Recovery of Germany 1933–1938''. London: MacMillan and Co. Limited.</ref> <ref name="H. Stuart Hughes 1992, p. 108">Hughes, H. Stuart, ''Oswald Spengler'', New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1992, p. 108.</ref> <ref name="Hitler, the Germans, and the Final Solution">{{cite book|last=Kershaw|first=Ian|year=2008|title=Hitler, the Germans, and the Final Solution|publisher=Yale University Press|page=[https://archive.org/details/hitlergermansfin00kers/page/53 53]|isbn=978-0-300-12427-9|url=https://archive.org/details/hitlergermansfin00kers/page/53}}</ref> <ref name="Holocaust: Gay activists press for German apology">{{Cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/holocaust-gay-activists-press-for-german-apology-1291337.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220618/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/holocaust-gay-activists-press-for-german-apology-1291337.html |archive-date=18 June 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Holocaust: Gay activists press for German apology |last=Bennetto |first=Jason |date=22 October 2011 |work=[[The Independent]] |access-date=21 May 2021}}</ref> <ref name="Homosexualität und Staatsräson. Männlichkeit, Homophobie und Politik in Deutschland 1900-1945">{{cite book|last=Pretzel|first=Andreas|chapter=Vom Staatsfeind zum Volksfeind. Zur Radikalisierung der Homosexuellenverfolgung im Zusammenwirken von Polizei und Justiz|editor-last=Zur Nieden|editor-first=Susanne|publisher=Campus Verlag|location=Frankfurt/M.|title=Homosexualität und Staatsräson. Männlichkeit, Homophobie und Politik in Deutschland 1900–1945|year=2005|page=236|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HaZwHeBm2lkC&pg=PA236|isbn=978-3-593-37749-0}}</ref> <ref name="holocaustreader">[[Lucy Dawidowicz|Dawidowicz, Lucy]]. ''A Holocaust Reader'' Behrman House, Inc, 1976, p. 31.</ref> <ref name="interaction">Ausma Cimdiņa, Jonathan Osmond. ''Power and Culture: Hegemony, Interaction and Dissent''. PLUS-Pisa University Press, 2006.</ref> <ref name="international">''The Holocaust Chronicle'', Publications International Ltd, p. 108.</ref> <ref name="international27">Robert Anthony Krieg. ''Catholic Theologians in Nazi Germany''. London: Continuum International Publishing Group, 2004. pp. 4–8.</ref> <ref name="Jack Fischel 1998, p. 5">Jack Fischel. ''The Holocaust''. Westport, CN: Greenwood Press, 1998, p. 5.</ref> <ref name="Jeffrey S. Gaab 2008, p. 61">Gaab, Jeffrey S., ''Munich: Hofbräuhaus & History: Beer, Culture, & Politics'', 2nd ed. New York: Peter Lang Publishing, Inc, 2008, p. 61.</ref> <ref name="JFrage">"THHP Short Essay: What Was the Final Solution?". Holocaust-History.org, July 2004, webpage: [http://www.holocaust-history.org/short-essays/final-solution.shtml HoloHist-Final]: notes that [[Hermann Göring]] used the term in his order of 31 July 1941 to [[Reinhard Heydrich]], chief of the [[Reich Security Main Office]] (RSHA).</ref> <ref name="Jonathan Olsen 1999, p. 62">Jonathan Olsen. ''Nature and Nationalism: Right-wing Ecology and the Politics of Identity in Contemporary Germany''. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 1999, p. 62.</ref> <ref name="Joseph W. Bendersky 2007, p. 96">{{cite book|last=Bendersky|first=Joseph W.|title=A Concise History of Nazi Germany|year=2007|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers Inc.|location=Plymouth, England|isbn=978-0-7425-5363-7|page=96}}</ref> <ref name="kershaw">[[Ian Kershaw]]. ''Hitler, 1936–45: Nemesis''. New York: W.W. Norton & Company Inc., 2001, p. 588.</ref> <ref name="koenigsberg">Richard A. Koenigsberg. ''Nations have the Right to Kill: Hitler, the Holocaust, and War''. New York: Library of Social Science, 2009, p. 2.</ref> <ref name="machtergreifung">Beck, Hermann ''The Fateful Alliance: German Conservatives and Nazis in 1933: The Machtergreifung in a New Light'', Berghahn Books, 2008. {{ISBN|978-1-84545-680-1}}, p. 72.</ref> <ref name="machtergreifung5">Beck, Hermann ''The Fateful Alliance: German Conservatives and Nazis in 1933: The Machtergreifung in a New Light'', 2008. pp. 72–75.</ref> <ref name="machtergreifung6">Beck, Hermann ''The Fateful Alliance: German Conservatives and Nazis in 1933: The Machtergreifung in a New Light'', 2008, p. 84.</ref> <ref name="macmillan">Burleigh, Michael ''The Third Reich: a new history'' Pan MacMillan (2001) p. 75</ref> <ref name="Martin Kitchen 2006, p. 205">[[Martin Kitchen|Kitchen, Martin]], ''A History of Modern Germany, 1800–2000'', Malden, MA; Oxford, England; Carlton, Victoria, Australia: Blackwell Publishing, Inc., 2006, p. 205.</ref> <ref name="Michael Mann 2004, p. 183">Mann, Michael, ''Fascists'', New York City: Cambridge University Press, 2004, p. 183.</ref> <ref name="millennial">Redles, David ''Nazi End Times; The Third Reich as a Millennial Reich'' in Kinane, Karolyn & Ryan, Michael A. (eds) ''End of Days: Essays on the Apocalypse from Antiquity to Modernity'' McFarland and Co (2009) p. 176.</ref> <!-- ref name="minneapolis">Neocleous, Mark. ''Fascism''. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1997, p. 23.</ref --> <ref name="nicholas">Miranda Carter. George, Nicholas and Wilhelm: Three Royal Cousins and the Road to World War I. Borzoi Book, 2009. 420 pp.</ref> <ref name="nicholls159160">David Nicholls. ''Adolf Hitler: A Biographical Companion''. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2000. pp. 159–160.</ref> <ref name="nicholls236237">David Nicholls. ''Adolf Hitler: A Biographical Companion''. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2000. pp. 236–237.</ref> <ref name="Nina Witoszek 2002. pp. 89-90">Nina Witoszek, Lars Trägårdh. ''Culture and Crisis: The Case of Germany and Sweden''. Berghahn Books, 2002. pp. 89–90.</ref> <ref name="Oliver H. Woshinsky 2008, p. 156">[[Oliver H. Woshinsky]]. ''Explaining Politics: Culture, Institutions, and Political Behavior''. Oxon; New York: Routledge, 2008, p. 156.</ref> <ref name="pathological">{{cite book|author=Hitler, Adolf|title=Hitler's Secret Book|year=1961|publisher=Grove Press|location=New York|isbn=978-0-394-62003-9|oclc=9830111|pages=8–9, 17–18|quote=Sparta must be regarded as the first Völkisch State. The exposure of the sick, weak, deformed children, in short, their destruction, was more decent and in truth a thousand times more humane than the wretched insanity of our day which preserves the most pathological subject.|title-link=Hitler's Secret Book|author-link=Adolf Hitler}}</ref> <!-- ref name="payne1995a">[[Stanley G. Payne|Payne, Stanley G.]] ''A History of Fascism, 1914–45''. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 1995.</ref --> <ref name="Peter J. Bowler 1989. pp. 304-305">[[Peter J. Bowler|Peter J. Bowler]]. ''Evolution: The History of an Idea''. 2nd edition. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1989. pp. 304–305.</ref> <ref name="Peukert, Detlev 1993 p. 74">[[Detlev Peukert|Peukert, Detlev]], ''The Weimar Republic''. 1st paperback ed. Macmillan, 1993. {{ISBN|978-0-8090-1556-6}}, p. 74.</ref> <ref name="Peukert, Detlev 1993 pp. 73-74">Peukert, Detlev, ''The Weimar Republic''. Macmillan, 1993. {{ISBN|978-0-8090-1556-6}}, pp. 73–74.</ref> <ref name=PostWWIAntisemitism>"Florida Holocaust Museum: Antisemitism – Post World War 1" (history), flholocaustmuseum.org, 2003, webpage: [http://www.flholocaustmuseum.org/history_wing/antisemitism/post_ww1.cfm Post-WWI Antisemitism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081003233617/http://www.flholocaustmuseum.org/history_wing/antisemitism/post_ww1.cfm|date=3 October 2008}}.</ref> <ref name="publishers">Glenn D. Walters. ''Lifestyle Theory: Past, Present, and Future''. Nova Publishers, 2006, p. 40.</ref> <ref name="publishers30">Bendersky, Joseph W. ''A History of Nazi Germany: 1919–1945''. 2nd ed. Burnham Publishers, 2000. pp. 58–59.</ref> <ref name="R.J. Overy 2004, p. 399">Overy, R.J., ''The Dictators: Hitler's Germany and Stalin's Russia'', W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 2004, p. 399</ref> <ref name="R.J. Overy 2004, p. 402">Overy, R.J., ''The Dictators: Hitler's Germany and Stalin's Russia'', W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 2004, p. 402.</ref> <ref name="R.J. Overy 2004, p. 403">Overy, R.J., ''The Dictators: Hitler's Germany and Stalin's Russia'', W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 2004, p. 403.</ref> <ref name="R.J. Overy 2004. pp. 399-403">Overy, R.J., ''The Dictators: Hitler's Germany and Stalin's Russia'', W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 2004. pp. 399–403.</ref> <ref name="Robert Anthony Krieg 2004, p. 4">Robert Anthony Krieg. ''Catholic Theologians in Nazi Germany'', 2004, p. 4.</ref> <ref name="Robert J. Richards 2008. pp. 7-8">[[Robert J. Richards|Robert J. Richards]]. ''Myth 19 That Darwin and Haeckel were Complicit in Nazi Biology''. The University of Chicago. http://home.uchicago.edu/~rjr6/articles/Myth.pdf</ref> <ref name="Roger Griffin 2005, p. 85">Roger Griffin. ''Fascism, Totalitarianism and Political Religion''. Oxon; New York: Routledge, 2005, p. 85.</ref> <ref name="Rudy Koshar 1986, p. 190">Koshar, Rudy. ''Social Life, Local Politics, and Nazism: Marburg, 1880–1935'', University of North Carolina Press, 1986, p. 190.</ref> <ref name="Simone Gigliotti 2005, p. 14">Simone Gigliotti, Berel Lang. ''The Holocaust: A Reader''. Malden, MA; Oxford; Carlton, Victoria, Australia: Blackwell Publishing, 2005, p. 14.</ref> <ref name="Social Darwinism in European and American Thought, 1860–1945: nature as model and nature as threat">{{cite book|author=Mike Hawkins|title=Social Darwinism in European and American Thought, 1860–1945: nature as model and nature as threat|year=1997|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-57434-1|oclc=34705047|page=276|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SszNCxSKmgkC&q=Hitler%27s+Secret+Book+sparta&pg=PA276}}</ref> <ref name="stackelberg">Roderick Stackelberg, Sally Anne Winkle. ''The Nazi Germany Sourcebook: An Anthology of Texts'', 2002, p. 45.</ref> <ref name="Stanley G. Payne 1995, p. 464">Stanley G. Payne. ''A History of Fascism, 1914–1945'', 1995, p. 464.</ref> <ref name="stanley">Stanley G. Payne. ''A History of Fascism, 1914–1945'', 1995, p. 463.</ref> <!-- ref name="stormtroopers">Thomas D. Grant. ''Stormtroopers and Crisis in the Nazi Movement: Activism, Ideology and Dissolution''. London, England, UK; New York: Routledge, 2004. pp. 30–34, 44.</ref> <ref name="stormtroopers2">Otis C. Mitchell. ''Hitler's Stormtroopers and the attack on the German Republic'', 1919–1933, Jefferson: McFarland & Company, Inc., 2008, p. 47.</ref --> <ref name="Thomas Rohkrämer 2007, p. 130">Rohkrämer, Thomas, "A Single Communal Faith?: The German Right from Conservatism to National Socialism", ''Monographs in German History''. Volume 20, Berghahn Books, 2007, p. 130</ref> <ref name="Thomas Weber 2011, p. 251">Weber, Thomas, ''Hitler's First War: Adolf Hitler, the Men of the List Regiment, and the First World War'', Oxford, England, UK: Oxford University Press, 2011, p. 251.</ref> <ref name="thosedamnednazis">Goebbels, Joseph; Mjölnir (1932). ''Die verfluchten Hakenkreuzler. Etwas zum Nachdenken''. Munich: [[Franz Eher Nachfolger]]. English translation: ''[https://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/haken32.htm Those Damned Nazis]''.</ref> <ref name="totalitarianism">Roger Griffin. ''Fascism, Totalitarianism and Political Religion'', 2005, p. 93.</ref> <ref name="transaction">Hughes, H. Stuart, ''Oswald Spengler'', New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers, 1992, p. 109.</ref> <ref name="understandably">Scholarship for [[Martin Luther|Martin Luther's]] 1543 treatise, ''[[On the Jews and their Lies]]'', exercising influence on Germany's attitude: * Wallmann, Johannes. "The Reception of Luther's Writings on the Jews from the Reformation to the End of the 19th Century", ''Lutheran Quarterly'', n.s. 1 (Spring 1987) 1:72–97. Wallmann writes: "The assertion that Luther's expressions of anti-Jewish sentiment have been of major and persistent influence in the centuries after the Reformation, and that there exists a continuity between Protestant anti-Judaism and modern racially oriented anti-Semitism, is at present wide-spread in the literature; since the Second World War it has understandably become the prevailing opinion." * Michael, Robert. ''Holy Hatred: Christianity, Antisemitism, and the Holocaust''. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006; see chapter 4 "The Germanies from Luther to Hitler", pp. 105–151. * Hillerbrand, Hans J. "Martin Luther," ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', 2007. Hillerbrand writes: "[H]is strident pronouncements against the Jews, especially toward the end of his life, have raised the question of whether Luther significantly encouraged the development of German anti-Semitism. Although many scholars have taken this view, this perspective puts far too much emphasis on Luther and not enough on the larger peculiarities of German history."</ref> <!-- ref name="university">Fritzsche, Peter. ''Germans into Nazis''. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1998.</ref> <ref name="university1">Kele, Max H. ''Nazis and Workers: National Socialist Appeals to German Labor, 1919–1933''. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1972.</ref --> <ref name="university14">Denis R. Alexander, Ronald L. Numbers. ''Biology and Ideology from Descartes to Dawkins''. Chicago, Illinois; London: University of Chicago Press, 2010, p. 209.</ref> <ref name="university17">Weitz, Eric D., ''Weimar Germany: Promise and Tragedy'', Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2007. pp. 336–337.</ref> <ref name="university18">Weitz, Eric D., ''Weimar Germany: Promise and Tragedy'', Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2007, p. 336.</ref> <ref name="university19">Stern, Fritz Richard ''The politics of cultural despair: a study in the rise of the Germanic ideology'' University of California Press reprint edition (1974) p. 296</ref> <ref name="university21">Stanley G. Payne. ''A History of Fascism, 1914–1945''. Madison: Wisconsin University Press, 1995. pp. 463–464.</ref> <ref name="university28">Hayes, Peter. 1987 ''Industry and Ideology IG Farben in the Nazi Era.'' Cambridge University Press.</ref> <ref name="university29">Carsten, Francis Ludwig ''The Rise of Fascism'', 2nd ed. University of California Press, 1982, p. 137. Quoting: Hitler, A., ''Sunday Express'', 28 September 1930.</ref> <!-- ref name="university3">Eugene Davidson. ''The Unmaking of Adolf Hitler''. First paperback edition. Columbia: Missouri University Press, 2004, p. 117.</ref --> <ref name="witoszek">Witoszek, Nina and Lars Trägårdh, ''Culture and Crisis: The Case of Germany and Sweden'', Berghahn Books, 2002, p. 90.</ref> <ref name="witoszek10">Nina Witoszek, Lars Trägårdh. ''Culture and Crisis: The Case of Germany and Sweden''. Berghahn Books, 2002, p. 89.</ref> }} Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here. You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see Christianpedia:Copyrights for details). Do not submit copyrighted work without permission! Cancel Editing help (opens in new window) Discuss this page