Moses

====Pilgrims====
[[File:Embarkation of the Pilgrims.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|left|Pilgrims [[John Carver (Mayflower passenger)|John Carver]], [[William Bradford (Plymouth Colony governor)|William Bradford]], and [[Miles Standish]], at prayer during their voyage to North America. 1844 painting by [[Robert Walter Weir]]]]
References to Moses were used by the [[Puritans]], who relied on the story of Moses to give meaning and hope to the lives of [[Pilgrim Fathers|Pilgrims]] seeking [[Freedom of religion|religious]] and [[Civil liberties|personal freedom]] in North America. [[John Carver (Plymouth Colony governor)|John Carver]] was the first governor of [[Plymouth colony]] and first signer of the [[Mayflower Compact]], which he wrote in 1620 during the ship ''[[Mayflower]]'''s three-month voyage. He inspired the Pilgrims with a "sense of earthly grandeur and divine purpose", notes historian [[Jon Meacham]],{{Sfn | Meacham | 2006 | p = 40}} and was called the "Moses of the Pilgrims".<ref>{{Citation | last = Talbot | first = Archie Lee | title = A New Plymouth Colony at Kennebeck | place = Brunswick | year = 1930 | url = http://catalog.loc.gov/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?DB=local&BBID=7810528&v3=1 | publisher = Library of Congress}}.</ref> Early American writer [[James Russell Lowell]] noted the similarity of the founding of America by the Pilgrims to that of [[History of ancient Israel and Judah|ancient Israel]] by Moses:

{{blockquote |Next to the fugitives whom Moses led out of Egypt, the little shipload of outcasts who landed at Plymouth are destined to influence the future of the world. The spiritual thirst of mankind has for ages been quenched at Hebrew fountains; but the embodiment in human institutions of truths uttered by the [[Son of man|Son of Man]] eighteen centuries ago was to be mainly the work of Puritan thought and Puritan self-devotion. ... If their municipal regulations smack somewhat of Judaism, yet there can be no nobler aim or more practical wisdom than theirs; for it was to make the law of man a living counterpart of the law of God, in their highest conception of it.<ref name= Lowell>{{Citation | last = Lowell | first = James Russell | title = The Round Table | publisher = Gorham Press | place = Boston | year = 1913 | pages = 217–18}}</ref>}}

Following Carver's death the following year, [[William Bradford (Plymouth Colony governor)|William Bradford]] was made governor. He feared that the remaining Pilgrims would not survive the hardships of the new land, with half their people having already died within months of arriving. Bradford evoked the symbol of Moses to the weakened and desperate Pilgrims to help calm them and give them hope: "Violence will break all. Where is the meek and humble spirit of Moses?"<ref>{{cite book | last = Arber | first = Edward | title = The Story of the Pilgrim Fathers | publisher = Houghton Mifflin | year = 1897 | page = 345}}</ref> [[William G. Dever]] explains the attitude of the Pilgrims: "We considered ourselves the 'New Israel', particularly we in America. And for that reason, we knew who we were, what we believed in and valued, and what our '[[manifest destiny]]' was."{{Sfn | Dever | 2006 | pp = ix, 234}}<ref>{{cite book | quote = [The pilgrims were clearly] animated by the true spirit of the Hebrew prophets and law-givers. They walked by the light of the [[Religious text|Scriptures]], and were resolved to form a Commonwealth in accordance with the social laws and ideas of the [[Bible]]. ... they were themselves the true descendants of Israel, spiritual children of the prophets. | last = Moses | first = Adolph | title = Yahvism and Other Discourses | publisher = Louisville Council of Jewish Women | year = 1903 | page = 93}}</ref>