Manchester

===Music===
{{see also|Popular music of Manchester|List of music artists and bands from Manchester|Madchester}}
[[File:Oasis Liam and Noel.jpg|thumb|The Gallagher brothers of Oasis]]
Bands that have emerged from the Manchester music scene include [[Van der Graaf Generator]], [[Oasis (band)|Oasis]], [[the Smiths]], [[Joy Division]] and its successor group [[New Order (band)|New Order]], [[Buzzcocks]], [[the Stone Roses]], [[The Fall (band)|the Fall]], [[the Durutti Column]], [[10cc]], [[Godley & Creme]], [[the Verve]], [[Elbow (band)|Elbow]], [[Doves (band)|Doves]], [[The Charlatans (English band)|the Charlatans]], [[M People]], [[the 1975]], [[Simply Red]], [[Take That]], [[Dutch Uncles]], [[Everything Everything]], [[the Courteeners]], [[Pale Waves]], and [[the Outfield]]. Manchester was credited as the main driving force behind British [[Indie music|indie]] music of the 1980s led by the Smiths, later including the Stone Roses, [[Happy Mondays]], [[Inspiral Carpets]], and [[James (band)|James]]. The later groups came from what became known as the "[[Madchester]]" scene that also centred on [[The Haçienda]] nightclub developed by the founder of [[Factory Records]], [[Tony Wilson]]. Although from southern England, [[the Chemical Brothers]] subsequently formed in Manchester.<ref name="ChemBros">{{cite web |url=http://www.manchester.ac.uk/undergraduate/ourreputation/distinguishedalumni/thechemicalbrothers/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090108091553/http://www.manchester.ac.uk/undergraduate/ourreputation/distinguishedalumni/thechemicalbrothers/ |title=The Chemical Brothers – Alumni |access-date=12 November 2007 |archive-date=8 January 2009 |publisher=[[University of Manchester]] |year=2005}}</ref> Former Smiths frontman [[Morrissey]], whose lyrics often refer to Manchester locations and culture, later found international success as a solo artist. Previously, notable Manchester acts of the 1960s include [[the Hollies]], [[Herman's Hermits]], and [[Davy Jones (musician)|Davy Jones]] of the [[Monkees]] (famed in the mid-1960s for their albums and their American TV show), and the earlier [[Bee Gees]], who grew up in [[Chorlton-cum-Hardy|Chorlton]].<ref name="BeeGees">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/manchester/3705559.stm |title=Bee Gees go back to their roots|access-date=12 November 2007 |work=BBC News |date=12 May 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040614061444/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/manchester/3705559.stm|archive-date=14 June 2004 |url-status=live}}</ref> Prominent [[UK rap|rap]] artists from Manchester include [[Bugzy Malone]] and [[Aitch (rapper)|Aitch]].

[[File:MEN Arena, Manchester (7263927380).jpg|thumb|left|The Manchester Arena, the city's premier indoor multi-use venue and one of the [[List of indoor arenas in Europe|largest purpose-built arenas]] in Europe]]
Its main pop music venue is [[Manchester Arena]], voted "International Venue of the Year" in 2007.<ref name="MEN">{{cite web |url=http://www.pollstaronline.com/PCIA-Static/2001winners.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130112222758/http://www.pollstaronline.com/PCIA-Static/2001winners.htm |archive-date=12 January 2013 |title=Pollstar Concert Industry Awards Winners Archives |access-date=24 June 2007 |publisher=Pollstar Online |year=2001}}<br />{{cite news |first=Rachel |last=Brown |title=M.E.N Arena's world's top venue |url=http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/whats-on/find-things-to-do/arenas-worlds-top-venue-1000549 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131026062551/http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/whats-on/find-things-to-do/arenas-worlds-top-venue-1000549 |archive-date=26 October 2013 |work=[[Manchester Evening News]] |publisher=M.E.N. Media |access-date=12 August 2007 |quote=The M.E.N. Arena is the top-selling venue in the world |date=10 August 2007}}</ref> With over 21,000 seats, it is the largest arena of its type in Europe.<ref name="MEN"/> In terms of concertgoers, it is the busiest indoor arena in the world, ahead of [[Madison Square Garden]] in New York and [[The O2 Arena]] in London, which are second and third busiest.<ref>{{cite web |title=M.E.N Named Most Popular Entertainment Venue on Planet |url=http://www.men-arena.com/about/?page_id=1412/ |access-date=8 May 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206040846/http://www.men-arena.com/about/?page_id=1412%2F |archive-date=6 December 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Other venues include [[O2 Apollo Manchester|Manchester Apollo]], [[Albert Hall, Manchester|Albert Hall]], [[Victoria Warehouse]] and the [[Manchester Academy]]. Smaller venues include the [[Band on the Wall]], the Night and Day Café,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nightnday.org/ |title=Night & Day Café |publisher=nightnday.org |access-date=15 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727123619/http://www.nightnday.org/ |archive-date=27 July 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> the Ruby Lounge,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.therubylounge.com/index.php/History/ |title=The Ruby Lounge: History |publisher=therubylounge.org |access-date=15 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324190503/http://www.therubylounge.com/index.php/history |archive-date=24 March 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and The Deaf Institute.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://thedeafinstitute.co.uk/ |title=Trof presents the Deaf Institute: café, bar and music hall |publisher=thedeafinstitute.co.uk |access-date=15 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716200811/http://www.thedeafinstitute.co.uk/ |archive-date=16 July 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> Manchester also has the most [[Independent music|indie]] and rock music events outside London.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tickx.co.uk/article/1498/manchester-the-uks-rock-and-indie-music-capital/ |title=Manchester: the UK's rock and indie music capital |publisher=tickx.co.uk |access-date=6 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106171544/https://www.tickx.co.uk/article/1498/manchester-the-uks-rock-and-indie-music-capital/ |archive-date=6 November 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Manchester has two [[symphony orchestra]]s, [[The Hallé]] and the [[BBC Philharmonic]], and a [[chamber orchestra]], the Manchester Camerata. In the 1950s, the city was home to a so-called "[[New Music Manchester|Manchester School]]" of classical composers, which was composed of [[Harrison Birtwistle]], [[Peter Maxwell Davies]], David Ellis and [[Alexander Goehr]]. Manchester is a centre for musical education: the [[Royal Northern College of Music]] and [[Chetham's School of Music]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Redhead |first=Brian |title=Manchester: a Celebration |author-link=Brian Redhead |publisher=Andre Deutsch |location=London |year=1993 |pages=60–61 |isbn=0-233-98816-5}}</ref> Forerunners of the RNCM were the [[Northern School of Music]] (founded 1920) and the [[Royal Manchester College of Music]] (founded 1893), which merged in 1973. One of the earliest instructors and classical music pianists/conductors at the RNCM, shortly after its founding, was the Russian-born [[Arthur Friedheim]], (1859–1932), who later had the music library at the famed [[Peabody Institute]] conservatory of music in [[Baltimore]], Maryland, named after him. The main classical music venue was the [[Free Trade Hall]] on Peter Street until the opening in 1996 of the 2,500 seat [[Bridgewater Hall]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Good Venue Guide; 28 – Bridgewater Hall, Manchester |work=[[Independent on Sunday]] |date=12 April 1998}}</ref>

[[British brass band|Brass band]] music, a tradition in the north of England, is important to Manchester's musical heritage;<ref name="mif-deller">{{cite web |url=http://www.mif.co.uk/event/procession |title=Procession – Jeremy Deller |date=July 2009 |publisher=Manchester International Festival |access-date=24 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129212942/http://www.mif.co.uk/event/procession/ |archive-date=29 November 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> some of the UK's leading bands, such as the [[Co-operative wholesale society|CWS]] Manchester Band and the [[Fairey Band]], are from Manchester and surrounding areas, and the [[Whit Friday]] brass-band contest takes place annually in the neighbouring areas of [[Saddleworth]] and [[Tameside]].