Louisville, Kentucky

===Transportation===
{{Main|Transportation in Louisville, Kentucky}}
{{See also|Roads in Louisville, Kentucky}}
[[File:2020 4BandImagery Indiana J874808.jpg|thumb|[[Kennedy Interchange]] ("Spaghetti Junction"), after completion of the [[Ohio River Bridges Project]]]]
[[File:Ksdf.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Louisville Muhammad Ali International Airport]]]]
[[File:Louisville 4thStreet trolley.jpg|thumb|right|Toonerville II Trolleys provided transportation in [[downtown Louisville]] until late 2014, before being replaced by LouLift.]]

As with most American cities, transportation in Louisville is based primarily on automobiles. However, the city traces its foundation to the era where the river was the primary [[Mode of transport|means of transportation]], and railroads have been an important part of local industry for over a century. In more recent times, Louisville has become an international hub for [[Cargo airline|air cargo]].

Louisville has inner and outer [[Interstate Highway System|interstate]] beltways, [[Interstate 264 (Kentucky)|I{{nbhyph}}264]] and [[Interstate 265|I{{nbhyph}}265]] respectively. Interstates [[Interstate 64 in Kentucky|I{{nbhyph}}64]] and [[Interstate 65 in Kentucky|I{{nbhyph}}65]] pass through Louisville, and [[Interstate 71#Kentucky|I-71]] has its southern terminus in Louisville. Since all three of these highways intersect at virtually the same location on the east side of [[downtown Louisville|downtown]], this spot has become known as "[[Kennedy Interchange|Spaghetti Junction]]". Three bridges carry I{{nbhyph}}64 and I{{nbhyph}}65 over the Ohio River, and a [[George Rogers Clark Memorial Bridge|fourth automobile bridge]] carries non-interstate traffic, including bicyclists and pedestrians. Immediately east of downtown is the [[Big Four Bridge]], a former railroad bridge that has been renovated into as a pedestrian bridge.

The [[Ohio River Bridges Project]], a plan under consideration for decades to construct two new interstate bridges over the Ohio River to connect Louisville to Indiana, including a reconfiguration of Spaghetti Junction, began construction in 2012.<ref>{{cite news |author=Collier, Rachel |title=Construction to begin soon on The Ohio River Bridges Project |url=http://www.wdrb.com/story/19370142/construction-to-begin-soon-on-the-ohio-river-bridges-project |publisher=[[WDRB]] |date=August 24, 2012 |access-date=June 22, 2014 |archive-date=October 6, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006081807/http://www.wdrb.com/story/19370142/construction-to-begin-soon-on-the-ohio-river-bridges-project |url-status=live }}</ref> One bridge, the [[Abraham Lincoln Bridge]], is located downtown beside the existing [[John F. Kennedy Memorial Bridge|Kennedy Bridge]] for relief of I{{nbhyph}}65 traffic. The other, named the [[Lewis and Clark Bridge (Ohio River)|Lewis and Clark Bridge]], connects I{{nbhyph}}265 between the portions located in southeast [[Clark County, Indiana]] and northeast [[Jefferson County, Kentucky]] (Louisville Metro).<ref>{{cite news |author=Green, Marcus |title=Bridge project tunnels' cost rises; Exploratory shaft will plot path for two others |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/courier_journal/access/1725940601.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Jul+16%2C+2007&author=&pub=Courier+-+Journal&edition=&startpage=A.1&desc=Bridge+project+tunnels%27+cost+rises |newspaper=[[The Courier-Journal]] |date=July 16, 2007 |access-date=July 16, 2007 |archive-date=June 24, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624085719/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/courier_journal/access/1725940601.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Jul+16%2C+2007&author=&pub=Courier+-+Journal&edition=&startpage=A.1&desc=Bridge+project+tunnels%27+cost+rises |url-status=dead }}</ref> Both bridges and corresponding construction were finished in 2016.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Ohio River Bridges Project Downtown Crossing—The Project Overview |url=http://kyinbridges.com/downtown-crossing/overview/ |access-date=June 22, 2014 |archive-date=February 13, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213042535/http://kyinbridges.com/downtown-crossing/overview/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=East End Crossing—The Project |url=http://eastendcrossing.com/project-overview/ |access-date=June 22, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140710021612/http://eastendcrossing.com/project-overview/ |archive-date=July 10, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> As with any major project, there have been detractors and possible alternatives; one grassroots organization, [[8664.org]], has proposed options for downtown revitalization improvements, and a simpler and less expensive roadway design.

Louisville's main airport is the centrally located [[Louisville Muhammad Ali International Airport]], whose [[IATA Airport code]] (SDF) reflects its former name of Standiford Field. The airport is also home to [[United Parcel Service|UPS]]'s [[Worldport (UPS air hub)|Worldport]] global air hub. UPS operates its largest package-handling hub at Louisville International Airport and bases its [[UPS Airlines]] division there. Over 4.2&nbsp;million passengers and over 4.7&nbsp;billion pounds (2,350,000 t) of cargo pass through the airport each year.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.transtats.bts.gov/airports.asp?pn=1&Airport=SDF&Airport_Name=Louisville,%20KY:%20Louisville%20International-Standiford%20Field&carrier=FACTS |title=Louisville, KY: Louisville International-Standiford Field (SDF) |date=March 2014 |access-date=July 6, 2014 |archive-date=September 24, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924165712/https://www.transtats.bts.gov/airports.asp?pn=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> It is also the second busiest airport in the United States in terms of cargo traffic, and fourth busiest for such in the world.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aci.aero/News/Releases/Most-Recent/2014/03/31/Preliminary-World-Airport-Traffic-and-Rankings-2013--High-Growth-Dubai-Moves-Up-to-7th-Busiest-Airport- |title=Preliminary World Airport Traffic and Rankings 2013—High Growth Dubai Moves Up to 7th Busiest Airport |date=March 31, 2014 |access-date=July 6, 2014 |publisher=Airports Council International |archive-date=April 1, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140401052319/http://www.aci.aero/News/Releases/Most-Recent/2014/03/31/Preliminary-World-Airport-Traffic-and-Rankings-2013--High-Growth-Dubai-Moves-Up-to-7th-Busiest-Airport- |url-status=live }}</ref> Only about 35 minutes from [[Fort Knox]], the airport is also a major hub for armed services personnel. The historic but smaller [[Bowman Field (Kentucky)|Bowman Field]] is used mainly for [[general aviation]] while nearby [[Clark Regional Airport]] is used mostly by private jets.

The [[McAlpine Locks and Dam]] is located on the Kentucky side of the Ohio River, near the downtown area. The locks were constructed to allow shipping past the [[Falls of the Ohio National Wildlife Conservation Area|Falls of the Ohio]]. In 2001 over 55 million tons of commodities passed through the locks.

[[Public transportation]] consists mainly of buses run by the [[Transit Authority of River City]] (TARC). The city buses serve all parts of downtown Louisville and [[Jefferson County, Kentucky|Jefferson County]], as well as Kentucky suburbs in [[Oldham County, Kentucky|Oldham County]], [[Bullitt County, Kentucky|Bullitt County]], and the [[Indiana]] suburbs of Jeffersonville, [[Clarksville, Indiana|Clarksville]] and [[New Albany, Indiana|New Albany]]. In addition to regular city buses, transit throughout the downtown hotel and shopping districts is served by a fleet of [[Zero-emissions vehicle|zero-emissions buses]] called LouLift. In late 2014, these vehicles replaced the series of motorized trolleys known as the ''Toonerville II Trolley''.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gee|first1=Dawne|title=TARC replaces trolleys with ZeroBus|url=http://www.wave3.com/story/27690555/tarc-replaces-trolleys-with-zerobus|access-date=September 29, 2015|publisher=[[WAVE (TV)|WAVE]]|date=December 22, 2014|archive-date=October 1, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151001092733/http://www.wave3.com/story/27690555/tarc-replaces-trolleys-with-zerobus|url-status=live}}</ref> A [[light rail]] system has been studied and proposed for the city, but no plan was in development as of 2007.<ref>{{cite news |first=Marcus |last=Green |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/courier_journal/access/1749372341.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Nov+29%2C+2006&author=&pub=Courier+-+Journal&edition=&startpage=B.1&desc=Mass+transit+plan+still+possible |title=Mass transit plan still possible; Officials will look for financing options |newspaper=[[The Courier-Journal]] |date=November 29, 2006 |access-date=January 23, 2007 |archive-date=June 24, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624085522/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/courier_journal/access/1749372341.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Nov+29%2C+2006&author=&pub=Courier+-+Journal&edition=&startpage=B.1&desc=Mass+transit+plan+still+possible |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Louisville has historically been a major center for [[railway]] traffic. The [[Louisville and Nashville Railroad]] was once headquartered here, before it was purchased by [[CSX Transportation]]. Today the city is served by two major freight railroads, CSX (with a major [[classification yard]] in the southern part of the metro area) and [[Norfolk Southern]]. Five major main lines connect Louisville to the rest of the region. Two regional railroads, the [[Paducah and Louisville Railway]] and the [[Louisville and Indiana Railroad]], also serve the city. With the discontinuance of the stop in Louisville in 2003 for a more northerly route between [[New York City|New York]] and Chicago, the ''[[Kentucky Cardinal (Amtrak)|Kentucky Cardinal]]'' no longer serves the city; it is thus the fifth largest city in the country with no passenger rail service.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.trainweb.org/moksrail/documents/pop/msa.htm |title=Metropolitan Areas Served by Amtrak |date=November 23, 2006 |access-date=April 21, 2009 |archive-date=June 24, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090624205811/http://www.trainweb.org/moksrail/documents/pop/msa.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2016 [[Walk Score]] ranked Louisville 43rd "most walkable" of 141 U.S. cities with a population greater than 200,000.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.walkscore.com/cities-and-neighborhoods/ |title=Most Walkable Cities in the US |year=2016 |publisher=[[Walk Score]] |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170131231927/https://www.walkscore.com/cities-and-neighborhoods/ |archive-date=January 31, 2017 |url-status=live |access-date=May 6, 2017 }}</ref>