Ku Klux Klan

====Labor and anti-unionism====
In major Southern cities such as [[Birmingham, Alabama]], Klan members kept control of access to the better-paying industrial jobs and opposed unions. During the 1930s and 1940s, Klan leaders urged members to disrupt the [[Congress of Industrial Organizations]] (CIO), which advocated industrial unions and accepted African American members, unlike earlier unions. With access to dynamite and using the skills from their jobs in mining and steel, in the late 1940s some Klan members in Birmingham used bombings to destroy houses in order to intimidate upwardly mobile Black people who moved into middle-class neighborhoods. It has been said that "By mid-1949, there were so many charred house carcasses that the area [College Hills] was informally named Dynamite Hill."<ref name=Carry />

Activism by these independent KKK groups in Birmingham increased as a reaction to the [[civil rights movement]] of the 1950s and 1960s. Independent Klan groups violently opposed the civil rights movement.<ref name=Carry>Diane McWhorter, ''Carry Me Home: Birmingham, Alabama, The Climactic Battle of the Civil Rights Revolution'', New York: Touchstone Book, 2002, p. 75.{{ISBN?}}</ref> KKK members were implicated in the [[16th Street Baptist Church bombing]] on a Sunday in September 1963, which killed four African American girls and injured 22 other people. Members of the [[Communist Workers' Party (United States)|Communist Workers' Party]] came to North Carolina to organize textile workers and pushed back against racial discrimination there, taunting the KKK, resulting in the 1979 [[Greensboro massacre#Background|Greensboro massacre]].<ref name=wayback /><ref name="death">{{cite web| title= 'Death to the Klan' March| url= http://ncpedia.org/death-klan-march| website= NCpedia| publisher= [[North Carolina Department of Natural and Cultural Resources]]| access-date= March 26, 2016| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170731230118/http://www.ncpedia.org/death-klan-march| archive-date= July 31, 2017| url-status=live| df= mdy-all}}</ref>