Jerusalem

====British Mandate (1917–1948)====
{{main|British Mandate-era Jerusalem}}
{{Further|Jerusalem Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine}}
[[File:First Town Plan of Jerusalem, 1918, William McLean.jpg|thumb|[[William McLean (civil servant)|William McLean's]] 1918 plan was the first urban planning scheme for Jerusalem. It laid the foundations for what became [[West Jerusalem]] and East Jerusalem.<ref>Elisha Efrat and Allen G. Noble, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/215090 Planning Jerusalem] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106002923/https://www.jstor.org/stable/215090 |date=6 November 2021 }}, Geographical Review, Vol. 78, No. 4 (Oct. 1988), pp. 387–404: "Modern planning began only after the British conquest of Palestine in World War I… In 1918 an engineer from Alexandria, William McLean, was commissioned to draft the first city plan… These provisions… caused the city to develop mainly to the west and southwest because of the restrictions on construction in the Old City and its immediate environs and the desire to retain the eastern skyline… McLean wanted Jerusalem to expand to the north, west, and south, with little development to the east because of climatic and topographical limitations. Thus almost from the onset of British colonial rule, development was encouraged in a generally westward direction, and this bias ultimately produced the initial contrasts that distinguished the eastern and western sectors of the city. McLean also adopted the principle of urban dispersal, and he proposed two main axes, one to the northwest and the other to the southwest of the Old City. His guidelines were repeated in most of the subsequent city plans."</ref>]]
[[File:VE day Jerusalem 1945.jpg|thumb|Jerusalem on [[Victory in Europe Day|VE Day]], 8 May 1945]]
In 1917 after the [[Battle of Jerusalem (1917)|Battle of Jerusalem]], the [[British Army]], led by [[Edmund Allenby, 1st Viscount Allenby|General Edmund Allenby]], captured the city.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fromkin |first=David |author-link=David Fromkin |publisher=Owl Books e |edition=2nd reprinted |isbn=978-0-8050-6884-9 |date=1 September 2001 |title=A Peace to End All Peace: The Fall of the Ottoman Empire and the Creation of the Modern Middle East |pages=[https://archive.org/details/peacetoendallpea00from/page/312 312–13] |title-link=A Peace to End All Peace: The Fall of the Ottoman Empire and the Creation of the Modern Middle East}}</ref> In 1922, the [[League of Nations]] at the [[Lausanne Conference of 1922–23|Conference of Lausanne]] entrusted the United Kingdom to [[Mandatory Palestine|administer]] [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]], neighbouring [[Emirate of Transjordan|Transjordan]], and [[British Mandate of Mesopotamia|Iraq]] beyond it.

From 1922 to 1948 the total population of the city rose from 52,000 to 165,000, comprising two-thirds Jews and one-third Arabs (Muslims and Christians).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://focusonjerusalem.com/jerusalempopchart.html |title=Chart of the population of Jerusalem |publisher=Focusonjerusalem.com |access-date=11 September 2010 |archive-date=11 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511164648/http://focusonjerusalem.com/jerusalempopchart.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Relations between Arab Christians and Muslims and the growing Jewish population in Jerusalem deteriorated, resulting in recurring unrest. In Jerusalem, in particular, [[1920 Palestine riots|Arab riots occurred in 1920]] and [[1929 Palestine riots|in 1929]]. Under the British, new garden suburbs were built in the western and northern parts of the city<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tamari |first=Salim |author-link=Salim Tamari |year=1999 |title=Jerusalem 1948: The Phantom City |journal=Jerusalem Quarterly File |issue=3 |format=Reprint |url=http://www.library.cornell.edu/colldev/mideast/tamjer.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060909050148/http://www.library.cornell.edu/colldev/mideast/tamjer.htm |archive-date=9 September 2006 |access-date=2 February 2007}}</ref><ref name=BIUmandate>{{cite web |last=Eisenstadt |first=David |title=The British Mandate |work=Jerusalem: Life Throughout the Ages in a Holy City |publisher=Bar-Ilan University Ingeborg Rennert Center for Jerusalem Studies |date=26 August 2002 |access-date=10 February 2007 |url=http://www.biu.ac.il/JS/rennert/history_12.html |archive-date=16 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151216173540/http://www.biu.ac.il/JS/rennert/history_12.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> and institutions of higher learning such as the [[Hebrew University of Jerusalem|Hebrew University]] were founded.<ref name=hujiHistory>{{cite web |title=History |publisher=The Hebrew University of Jerusalem |url=http://www.huji.ac.il/huji/eng/aboutHU_history_e.htm |access-date=18 March 2007 |archive-date=5 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130205121934/http://www.huji.ac.il/huji/eng/aboutHU_history_e.htm |url-status=live}}</ref>