Incest Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! ==Other animals== {{see also|Animal sexual behavior#Inbreeding avoidance}} [[File:Fruit flies mating.jpg|thumb|[[Drosophila melanogaster|Common fruit fly]] females prefer to mate with their own brothers over unrelated males.<ref name="fruit-flies">{{cite journal |last1=Loyau |first1=Adeline |last2=Cornuau |first2=Jérémie H. |last3=Clobert |first3=Jean |last4=Danchin |first4=Étienne |date=10 December 2012 |title=Incestuous Sisters: Mate Preference for Brothers over Unrelated Males in Drosophila melanogaster |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=7 |issue=12 |pages=e51293 |bibcode=2012PLoSO...751293L |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0051293 |pmc=3519633 |pmid=23251487 |doi-access=free}}</ref>]] Inbreeding avoidance is rare in non-human animals.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=de Boer |first1=Raïssa A. |last2=Vega-Trejo |first2=Regina |last3=Kotrschal |first3=Alexander |last4=Fitzpatrick |first4=John L. |date=July 2021 |title=Meta-analytic evidence that animals rarely avoid inbreeding |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-021-01453-9 |journal=Nature Ecology & Evolution |language=en |volume=5 |issue=7 |pages=949–964 |doi=10.1038/s41559-021-01453-9 |pmid=33941905 |bibcode=2021NatEE...5..949D |s2cid=233718913 |issn=2397-334X}}</ref> [[North Carolina State University]] found that [[bed bug]]s, in contrast to most other insects, tolerate incest and are able to genetically withstand the effects of inbreeding quite well.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.laboratoryequipment.com/news/2011/12/insect-incest-produces-healthy-offspring |title=Insect Incest Produces Healthy Offspring |date=8 December 2011}}</ref> Many species of [[mammal]]s, including humanity's closest [[primate]] relatives, tend to avoid mating with close relatives, especially if there are alternative partners available.<ref>{{cite book |title=Inbreeding, Incest, and the Incest Taboo: The State of Knowledge at the Turn of the Century |first=Arthur P. |last=Wolf |author2=William H. Durham |year=2004 |publisher=Stanford University Press |page=169 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OW1nuQxcIQgC&pg=PA6 |isbn=978-0-8047-5141-4}}</ref> However, some chimpanzees have been recorded attempting to mate with their mothers.<ref>[http://www.livescience.com/2226-incest-taboo-nature.html Incest not so taboo in nature] Livescience, retrieved 29 January 2012</ref> Male rats have been recorded engaging in mating with their sisters, but they tend to prefer non-related females over their sisters.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=bsCiWUiPY5UC&pg=PA293 Sexual Behaviour In Animals] A. Sarkar; retrieved 29 January 2012</ref> [[Livestock]] breeders often practice controlled breeding to eliminate undesirable characteristics within a population, which is also coupled with the [[culling]] of what is considered unfit offspring, especially when trying to establish a new and desirable trait in the stock. Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here. You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see Christianpedia:Copyrights for details). Do not submit copyrighted work without permission! Cancel Editing help (opens in new window) Discuss this page