St. Louis

==Parks and recreation==
{{Main|Parks in St. Louis}}
{{for|parks in the region|Parks in Greater St. Louis}}
[[File:Forest_Park,_St_Louis.jpg|thumb|left|[[Forest Park (St. Louis)|Forest Park]] features a variety of attractions, including the [[St. Louis Zoo]], the [[Saint Louis Art Museum|St. Louis Art Museum]], the [[Missouri History Museum]], and the [[St. Louis Science Center]].]]

The city operates more than 100 parks, with amenities that include sports facilities, playgrounds, concert areas, picnic areas, and lakes. [[Forest Park (St. Louis)|Forest Park]], located on the western edge of city, is the largest, occupying 1,400 acres of land, making it almost twice as large as [[Central Park]] in New York City.<ref name="huffingtonpost.com" /> The park is home to five major institutions, including the [[Saint Louis Art Museum|St. Louis Art Museum]], the [[St. Louis Zoo]], the [[St. Louis Science Center]], the [[Missouri History Museum]], and [[the Muny]] amphitheatre.<ref name="huffingtonpost.com" /> Another significant park in the city is [[Gateway Arch National Park]], which was known as Jefferson National Expansion Memorial until 2018 and is located on the riverfront in downtown St. Louis. The centerpiece of the park is the {{convert|630|ft|m|adj=mid|0}} tall [[Gateway Arch]], a [[National Memorial (United States)|National Memorial]] designed by noted architect [[Eero Saarinen]] and completed on October 28, 1965. Also part of the historic park is the [[Old Courthouse (St. Louis)|Old Courthouse]], where the first two trials of ''[[Dred Scott v. Sandford]]'' were held in 1847 and 1850.

[[File:JewelBox2013.jpg|thumb|The [[Jewel Box (St. Louis)|Jewel Box]], a greenhouse and event venue in [[Forest Park (St. Louis)|Forest Park]]]]

Other notable parks in the city include the [[Missouri Botanical Garden]], [[Tower Grove Park]], [[Carondelet Park]] and [[Citygarden]]. The Missouri Botanical Garden, a private garden and botanical research facility, is a National Historic Landmark and one of the oldest botanical gardens in the United States.<ref name="huffingtonpost.com" /> The Garden features 79 acres of horticultural displays from around the world. This includes a Japanese strolling garden, [[Henry Shaw (philanthropist)|Henry Shaw]]'s original 1850 estate home and a geodesic dome called the [[Climatron]].<ref name="huffingtonpost.com" /> Immediately south of the Missouri Botanical Garden is [[Tower Grove Park]], a gift to the city by [[Henry Shaw (philanthropist)|Henry Shaw]]. Citygarden is an urban [[sculpture park]] located in downtown St. Louis, with art from [[Fernand Léger]], [[Aristide Maillol]], [[Julian Opie]], [[Tom Otterness]], [[Niki de Saint Phalle]], and [[Mark di Suvero]].<ref>Tim Bryant, "[https://archive.today/20090704020513/http://www.stltoday.com/blogzone/building-blocks/uncategorized/2009/07/citygarden-an-immediate-hit-with-visitors/ Citygarden an immediate hit with visitors]." St. Louis Post-Dispatch. July 1, 2009.</ref><ref>[[David Bonetti]], "[https://www.stltoday.com/stltoday/entertainment/stories.nsf/visualarts/story/EFB03D819B8415B7862575E2000ACAB1?OpenDocument Spectacular Citygarden is opening on schedule in St. Louis] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090701021430/http://www.stltoday.com/stltoday/entertainment/stories.nsf/visualarts/story/EFB03D819B8415B7862575E2000ACAB1?OpenDocument |date=July 1, 2009}}", ''St. Louis Post-Dispatch'', June 28, 2009.</ref>  The park is divided into three sections, each of which represent a different theme: river bluffs; flood plains; and urban gardens. Another downtown sculpture park is the Serra Sculpture Park, with the 1982 [[Richard Serra]] sculpture ''Twain''.<ref name="serra">[http://stlouis.missouri.org/citygov//parks/parks_div/serra.html] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110623155228/http://stlouis.missouri.org/citygov//parks/parks_div/serra.html|date=June 23, 2011}}</ref>