South Sudan

=== Languages ===
{{Main|Languages of South Sudan}}

The official language of South Sudan is English.<ref name="engwork" /> All indigenous languages spoken in South Sudan are national languages of which [[Dinka language|Dinka]], [[Nuer language|Nuer]], [[Murle language|Murle]], [[Luo languages|Luo]], [[Ma'di language|Ma'di]], [[Otuho language|Otuho]], and [[Zande language|Zande]] are the most widely spoken.

It has been proposed that [[Swahili language|Swahili]] be made a second official language, and it has been added to the curriculum to be taught at schools in South Sudan since they are part of the [[East African Community]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=AfricaNews|date=2017-07-06|title=S. Sudan to adopt Swahili as official language, seeks Tanzania's help|url=https://www.africanews.com/2017/07/06/s-sudan-to-adopt-swahili-as-official-language-seeks-tanzania-s-help/|access-date=2022-04-08|website=Africanews|language=en}}</ref>

There are over 60 [[indigenous language]]s, most classified under the [[Nilo-Saharan languages|Nilo-Saharan Language family]]; collectively, they represent two of the first-order divisions of [[Nilotic languages|Nile Sudanic]] and [[Central Sudanic languages|Central Sudanic]].

====Constitution updates====
The interim constitution of 2005 declared in Part 1, Chapter 1, No. 6 (1) that "[a]ll indigenous languages of Southern Sudan are [[national language]]s and shall be respected, developed and promoted." In Part 1, Chapter 1, No. 6 (2), it was stated that "English and [[Arabic]] shall be the official working languages at the level of the governments of Southern Sudan and the States as well as languages of instruction for higher education."<ref>[http://www.chr.up.ac.za/undp/domestic/docs/c_SouthernSudan.pdf ''The Interim Constitution of Southern Sudan'', 2005] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303170713/http://www.chr.up.ac.za/undp/domestic/docs/c_SouthernSudan.pdf|date=3 March 2016}} (PDF; 484&nbsp;kB), Part One, Page.&nbsp;3–4, No. 6 (1), (2), retrieved 6 May 2017</ref> The government of the new independent state later removed Arabic as an official language and chose English as the sole official language.

The new transitional constitution of the Republic of South Sudan of 2011 declares in Part 1, Chapter 1, No. 6 (1) that "[a]ll indigenous languages of South Sudan are national languages and shall be respected, developed and promoted." In Part 1, Chapter 1, No. 6 (2), it is defined that "English shall be the official working language in the Republic of South Sudan, as well as the language of instruction at all levels of education."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sudantribune.com/IMG/pdf/The_Draft_Transitional_Constitution_of_the_ROSS2-2.pdf|title=The Transitional Constitution of the Republic of South Sudan, 2011|access-date=6 May 2017|publisher=Government of South Sudan|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629170732/http://www.sudantribune.com/IMG/pdf/The_Draft_Transitional_Constitution_of_the_ROSS2-2.pdf|archive-date=29 June 2011|url-status=live}} Part One, Page 3, No. 6 (1), (2), retrieved 6 May 2017</ref>

On 6 July 2017, South Sudan stated that it might adopt Swahili as an additional official language due to its seeking [[Tanzania]]'s help to send Swahili teachers to the country as it introduces the language in school curriculum ahead of its possible adoption as an official language.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.africanews.com/2017/07/06/s-sudan-to-adopt-swahili-as-official-language-seeks-tanzania-s-help/|title=S. Sudan to adopt Swahili as official language, seeks Tanzania's help – Africanews|last=AfricaNews|date=5 July 2017|access-date=7 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008025942/http://www.africanews.com/2017/07/06/s-sudan-to-adopt-swahili-as-official-language-seeks-tanzania-s-help/|archive-date=8 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Some areas====
In the border region between [[Western Bahr el Ghazal]] [[States of South Sudan|state]] and Sudan are an indeterminate number of people from [[West Africa]]n countries who settled here on their way back from [[Mecca]] – who have assumed a traditionally [[nomadic]] life – that resides either seasonally or permanently. They primarily speak [[Chadic languages|Chadian languages]] and their traditional territories are in the southern portions of the Sudanese regions of Northern [[Kurdufan]] and [[Darfur]].

In the capital, Juba, there are several thousand people who use non-classical Arabic, usually a pidgin called [[Juba Arabic]], but South Sudan's ambassador to [[Kenya]] said on 2 August 2011 that [[Swahili language|Swahili]] will be introduced in South Sudan with the goal of supplanting Arabic as a ''[[lingua franca]]'', in keeping with the country's intention of orientation toward the [[East African Community]] rather than Sudan and the [[Arab League]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://assistamerica.countrywatch.com/rcountry.aspx?vcountry=89&topic=CBWIR&uid=5271402|agency=Xinhua|date=2 August 2011|access-date=16 September 2013|title=South Sudanese still in Kenya despite new state|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150411015341/http://assistamerica.countrywatch.com/rcountry.aspx?vcountry=89|archive-date=11 April 2015}}</ref> Nevertheless, South Sudan submitted an application to join the Arab League as a [[Member states of the Arab League|member state]] on 25 March 2014, which is still pending.<ref>[[Middle East Monitor]]: [https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20140412-south-sudan-and-chad-apply-to-join-the-arab-league ''South Sudan and Chad apply to join the Arab League''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913231309/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20140412-south-sudan-and-chad-apply-to-join-the-arab-league/|date=13 September 2017}}, 12 April 2014, retrieved 3 May 2017</ref> In an interview with the newspaper [[Asharq Al-Awsat]], the Foreign Minister of South Sudan [[Deng Alor Kuol]] said: South Sudan is the closest African country to the [[Arab world]], and we speak a special kind of Arabic known as Juba Arabic.<ref>[[Asharq Al-Awsat]]: [http://english.aawsat.com/ahmedyounis/interviews/foreign-minister-south-sudan-considering-joining-arab-league ''Foreign Minister of South Sudan: We Are Considering Joining the Arab League''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913233152/https://english.aawsat.com/ahmedyounis/interviews/foreign-minister-south-sudan-considering-joining-arab-league|date=13 September 2017}}, 7 June 2016, retrieved 3 May 2017</ref> Sudan supports South Sudan's request to join the Arab League.<ref>[[Sudan Tribune]]: [http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article59689 ''Khartoum supports South Sudan demand to join Arab League''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018103721/http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article59689|date=18 October 2017}}, 21 July 2016, retrieved 3 May 2017</ref> Juba Arabic is a [[lingua franca]] in South Sudan.<ref>[https://www.unicef.org/esaro/UNICEF(2016)LanguageandLearning-SouthSudan-CaseStudy.pdf ''The impact of language policy and practice on children's learning: Evidence from Eastern and Southern Africa 2016''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913183348/https://www.unicef.org/esaro/UNICEF(2016)LanguageandLearning-SouthSudan-CaseStudy.pdf|date=13 September 2017}} (PDF; 672&nbsp;kB), Page.&nbsp;1, retrieved 20 May 2017</ref>
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