Republican Party (United States)

==== Trumpists ====
{{main|Factions in the Republican Party (United States)#Trumpists|Trumpism}}
{{see also|Right-wing populism|Radical right (United States)|National conservatism|Freedom Caucus}}
[[Factions in the Republican Party (United States)#Trumpists|Trumpists]] are the dominant political faction of the GOP.<ref name="Smith-2021"/><ref name="Biebricher-2023"/><ref name="Arhin-2023"/><ref name="Ward 08-26-22"/><ref name="Punchbowl Old GOP"/><ref name="Kight Feb142024"/><ref name="Aratani2021">{{cite news |last1=Aratani |first1=Lauren |title=Republicans unveil two minimum wage bills in response to Democrats' push |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/feb/26/republicans-minimum-wage-bills-senate |access-date=7 September 2021 |work=The Guardian |date=26 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814230535/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/feb/26/republicans-minimum-wage-bills-senate |archive-date=14 August 2021 |quote=In keeping with the party’s deep division between its dominant Trumpist faction and its more traditionalist party elites, the twin responses seem aimed at appealing on one hand to its corporate-friendly allies and on the other hand to its populist rightwing base. Both have an anti-immigrant element.}}</ref><ref name="Politico 2024-02-25">{{Cite news |last1=Wren |first1=Adam |last2=Montellaro |first2=Zach |last3=Kashinsky |first3=Lisa |last4=Shepard |first4=Steven |last5=Allison |first5=Natalie |last6=Piper |first6=Jessica |date=2024-02-25 |title=Hidden in Trump's big South Carolina win: A not-so-small problem for him in November|language=en-US |work=Politico |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2024/02/24/south-carolina-takeaways-trump-haley-00143177 |access-date=2024-02-25 |archive-date=February 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225173845/https://www.politico.com/news/2024/02/24/south-carolina-takeaways-trump-haley-00143177 |url-status=live |quote=From top to bottom, the Republican Party is Trump’s party. There are no reliable pockets of dissent.}}</ref> Sometimes referred to as the MAGA or "America First" movement,<ref name="University of Washington 2021">{{cite web | title=Panel Study of the MAGA Movement | website=University of Washington | date=January 6, 2021 | url=https://sites.uw.edu/magastudy/ | access-date=March 24, 2024}}</ref><ref name="Gabbatt Smith 2023">{{cite web | last1=Gabbatt | first1=Adam | last2=Smith | first2=David | title='America First 2.0': Vivek Ramaswamy pitches to be Republicans' next Trump | website=the Guardian | date=August 19, 2023 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/aug/19/vivek-ramaswamy-republican-presidential-nomination-candidate | access-date=March 24, 2024}}</ref> Trumpists have been described as consisting of a range of right-wing ideologies including but not limited to [[right-wing populism]],<ref name="campani" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Norris |first=Pippa |date=November 2020 |title=Measuring populism worldwide |journal=Party Politics |language=en |volume=26 |issue=6 |pages=697–717 |doi=10.1177/1354068820927686 |s2cid=216298689 |issn=1354-0688|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Cassidy">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/john-cassidy/donald-trump-is-transforming-the-g-o-p-into-a-populist-nativist-party |title=Donald Trump is Transforming the G.O.P. Into a Populist, Nativist Party |last=Cassidy |first=John |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |date=February 29, 2016 |access-date=July 22, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304225035/http://www.newyorker.com/news/john-cassidy/donald-trump-is-transforming-the-g-o-p-into-a-populist-nativist-party |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[national conservatism]],<ref name="Economist Feb152024">{{cite news |date=February 15, 2024 |title="National conservatives" are forging a global front against liberalism |url=https://www.economist.com/briefing/2024/02/15/national-conservatives-are-forging-a-global-front-against-liberalism |url-status=live |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |location=[[London]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220205122/https://www.economist.com/briefing/2024/02/15/national-conservatives-are-forging-a-global-front-against-liberalism |archive-date=February 20, 2024 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> [[neo-nationalism]],<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Zhou |first1=Shaoqing |title=The origins, characteristics and trends of neo-nationalism in the 21st century |journal=International Journal of Anthropology and Ethnology |volume=6 |issue=1 |date=December 8, 2022 |page=18 |doi=10.1186/s41257-022-00079-4 |doi-access=free |pmid=36532330 |quote=On a practical level, the United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European Union and Trump’s election as the United States president are regarded as typical events of neo-nationalism.|pmc=9735003 }}</ref> and [[Trumpism]].<ref name="Ball 2024">{{cite news |last1=Ball |first1=Molly |title=The GOP Wants Pure, Uncut Trumpism |url=https://www.wsj.com/politics/elections/gop-new-hampshire-trump-haley-403080ca |access-date=February 22, 2024 |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=January 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240124014202/https://www.wsj.com/politics/elections/gop-new-hampshire-trump-haley-403080ca |archive-date=January 24, 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Katzenstein2019">{{cite news |last1=Katzenstein |first1=Peter J. |author-link=Peter J. Katzenstein |title=Trumpism is US |url=https://www.wzb.eu/en/news/trumpism-is-us |access-date=11 September 2021 |work=WZB {{!}} Berlin Social Science Center |date=20 March 2019}}</ref><ref name="DiSalvo2022">{{cite magazine |last1=DiSalvo |first1=Daniel |author-link=Daniel DiSalvo |date=Fall 2022 |title=Party Factions and American Politics |url=https://www.nationalaffairs.com/publications/detail/party-factions-and-american-politics |journal=National Affairs |access-date=April 11, 2023 |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323210441/https://www.nationalaffairs.com/publications/detail/party-factions-and-american-politics |url-status=live }}</ref> They have been described as the American political variant of the [[Radical right (United States)|far-right]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lowndes |first1=Joseph |editor-last=de la Torre |editor-first=Carlos |title=Routledge Handbook of Global Populism |publisher=[[Routledge]] |chapter=Populism and race in the United States from George Wallace to Donald Trump |isbn=978-1315226446 |date=2019 |location=London & New York |at="Trumpism" section, pp. 197–200 |quote=Trump unabashedly employed the language of white supremacy and misogyny, rage and even violence at Trump rallies was like nothing seen in decades.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Bennhold |first1=Katrin |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/07/world/europe/germany-trump-far-right.html |title=Trump Emerges as Inspiration for Germany's Far Right |date=September 7, 2020 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=November 20, 2020 |archive-date=November 20, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201120233123/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/07/world/europe/germany-trump-far-right.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Gardner Charles 2023 p. 31">{{cite book | last1=Gardner | first1=J.A. | last2=Charles | first2=G.U. | title=Election Law in the American Political System | publisher=Aspen Publishing | series=Aspen Casebook Series | year=2023 | isbn=978-1-5438-2683-8 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZViqEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT31 | access-date=2023-12-31 | page=31}}</ref>

Despite producing no manifesto,<ref name="SpiegeleireSkinnerSweijs2017">{{cite book |last1=Spiegeleire |first1=Stephan De |last2=Skinner |first2=Clarissa |last3=Sweijs |first3=Tim |title=The Rise of Populist Sovereignism: What It Is, Where It Comes From, and What It Means for International Security and Defense |year=2017 |publisher=The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies |isbn=978-94-92102-59-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aY19DwAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PR6}}</ref> the Trumpist faction supports cuts to spending.<ref name="Chatelain 2023 d086">{{cite web | last=Chatelain | first=Ryan | title=Freedom Caucus issues demands for raising debt limit | website=Spectrum News NY1 | date=2023-03-10 | url=https://ny1.com/nyc/all-boroughs/politics/2023/03/10/freedom-caucus-issues-demands-for-raising-debt-limit | access-date=2023-12-31}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Feagin |first=Joe R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tPGyEAAAQBAJ |title=White Minority Nation: Past, Present and Future |date=2023-04-25 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-000-86223-2 |language=en}}</ref> In international relations, Trumpists support U.S. aid to Israel but not to Ukraine,<ref name="Falk 2023 t804">{{cite web | last=Falk | first=Thomas O | title=Why are US Republicans pushing for aid to Israel but not Ukraine? | website=Al Jazeera | date=2023-11-08 | url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/8/why-are-us-republicans-pushing-for-aid-to-israel-but-not-ukraine | access-date=2023-12-31}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Riccardi |first=Nicholas |date=February 19, 2024 |title=Stalled US aid for Ukraine underscores GOP's shift away from confronting Russia  |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/4492514-gop-strained-by-trump-influenced-shift-from-reagan-on-russia/ |access-date=February 28, 2024 |agency=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> are generally supportive towards [[Russia]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lillis |first=Mike |date=February 28, 2024 |title=GOP strained by Trump-influenced shift from Reagan on Russia  |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/4492514-gop-strained-by-trump-influenced-shift-from-reagan-on-russia/ |access-date=February 28, 2024 |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|quote=Experts say a variety of factors have led to the GOP’s more lenient approach to Moscow, some of which preceded Trump’s arrival on the political scene ... Trump’s popularity has only encouraged other Republicans to adopt a soft-gloves approach to Russia.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Ball |first=Molly |date=February 23, 2024 |title=How Trump Turned Conservatives Against Helping Ukraine |url=https://www.wsj.com/politics/elections/how-trump-turned-conservatives-against-helping-ukraine-d9f75b3b |access-date=February 28, 2024 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jonathan |first=Chait |date=February 23, 2024 |title=Russian Dolls Trump has finally remade Republicans into Putin's playthings. |url=https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/donald-trump-republicans-vladimir-putin-puppets.html |access-date=February 28, 2024 |work=[[New York (magazine)|Intelligencer]]|quote=But during his time in office and after, Trump managed to create, from the grassroots up, a Republican constituency for Russia-friendly policy ... Conservatives vying to be the Trumpiest of them all have realized that supporting Russia translates in the Republican mind as a proxy for supporting Trump. Hence the politicians most willing to defend his offenses against democratic norms — Marjorie Taylor Greene, Jim Jordan, Tommy Tuberville, Mike Lee, J. D. Vance — hold the most anti-Ukraine or pro-Russia views. Conversely, the least-Trumpy Republicans, such as Mitch McConnell and Mitt Romney, have the most hawkish views on Russia. The rapid growth of Trump’s once-unique pro-Russia stance is a gravitational function of his personality cult.}}</ref> and favor an [[isolationism|isolationist]] "[[America First (policy)|America First]]" foreign policy agenda.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lange |first=Jason |date=January 17, 2024 |title=Trump's rise sparks isolationist worries abroad, but voters unfazed |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/trumps-rise-sparks-isolationist-worries-among-us-allies-americans-focus-home-2024-01-17/ |access-date=January 17, 2024 |website=[[Reuters]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Fears of a NATO Withdrawal Rise as Trump Seeks a Return to Power|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/09/us/politics/trump-2025-nato.html |work=New York Times |date=December 9, 2023|access-date=December 10, 2023|last1=Swan|first1=Jonathan|last2=Savage|first2=Charlie|last3=Haberman|first3=Maggie}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Baker|first=Peter|title=Favoring Foes Over Friends, Trump Threatens to Upend International Order|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/11/us/politics/trump-nato.html|work=The New York Times |date=February 11, 2024|access-date=February 21, 2024|issn=1553-8095|language=en|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name="Cohn2023">{{Cite news |last=Cohn |first=Nate |date=August 17, 2023 |title=The 6 Kinds of Republican Voters |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/08/17/upshot/six-kinds-of-republican-voters.html |access-date=October 9, 2023 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=October 12, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231012095530/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/08/17/upshot/six-kinds-of-republican-voters.html |url-status=live }}</ref> They generally reject compromise within the party and with the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrats]],<ref name="Collinson 2023 n804">{{cite web | last=Collinson | first=Stephen | title=McCarthy became the latest victim of Trump's extreme GOP revolution | website=CNN | date=2023-10-04 | url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/10/04/politics/mccarthy-victim-trump-gop-revolution/index.html | access-date=2023-12-31}}</ref><ref name="Rocha 2023 k444">{{cite web | last=Rocha | first=Alander | title=Mike Rogers says of 'far-right wing' of GOP: 'You can't get rid of them' | website=AL | date=2023-09-07 | url=https://www.al.com/news/2023/09/mike-rogers-says-far-right-wing-of-gop-act-like-my-kids-you-cant-get-rid-of-them.html | access-date=2023-12-31}}</ref> and are willing to oust fellow Republican office holders they deem to be too moderate.<ref name="Macpherson 2021 r371">{{cite web | last=Macpherson | first=James | title=Far right tugs at North Dakota Republican Party | website=AP News | date=2021-07-24 | url=https://apnews.com/article/government-and-politics-north-dakota-8fce64375abe042324cf26b4c82d57bf | access-date=2023-12-31}}</ref><ref name="Times-Herald.com 2023 x358">{{cite web | title=Fringe activists threaten Georgia GOP's political future | website=The Times Herald | date=2023-05-15 | url=https://www.times-herald.com/opinion/fringe-activists-threaten-georgia-gop-s-political-future/article_b3fd5a4a-f33f-11ed-901d-7fbbbf28e09e.html | access-date=2023-12-31}}</ref> Compared to other Republicans, the Trumpist faction is more likely to oppose [[immigration|legal immigration]],<ref name="auto3">{{cite book |last1=Baker |first1=Paula |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=547UDwAAQBAJ |title=The Oxford Handbook of American Political History |last2=Critchlow |first2=Donald T. |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2020 |isbn=978-0190628697 |page=387 |quote="Contemporary debate is fueled on one side by immigration restrictionists, led by President Donald Trump and other elected republicans, whose rhetorical and policy assaults on undocumented Latin American immigrants, Muslim refugees, and family-based immigration energized their conservative base." |via=Google Books |access-date=April 23, 2021 |archive-date=December 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215023724/https://books.google.com/books?id=547UDwAAQBAJ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[free trade]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jones |first=Kent |title=Populism and Trade: The Challenge to the Global Trading System |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2021 |isbn=978-0190086350 |chapter=Populism, Trade, and Trump’s Path to Victory}}</ref> [[neoconservatism]],<ref>{{Cite magazine |last1=Smith |first1=Jordan Michael |last2=Logis |first2=Rich |last3=Logis |first3=Rich |last4=Shephard |first4=Alex |last5=Shephard |first5=Alex |last6=Kipnis |first6=Laura |last7=Kipnis |first7=Laura |last8=Haas |first8=Lidija |last9=Haas |first9=Lidija |date=October 17, 2022 |title=The Neocons Are Losing. Why Aren't We Happy? |magazine=The New Republic |url=https://newrepublic.com/article/168045/neoconservative-isolationism-republican-party |access-date=May 5, 2023 |issn=0028-6583 |archive-date=May 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230505163722/https://newrepublic.com/article/168045/neoconservative-isolationism-republican-party |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Environmentalism|environmental protection laws]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Arias-Maldonado |first=Manuel |date=January 2020 |title=Sustainability in the Anthropocene: Between Extinction and Populism |journal=Sustainability |language=en |volume=12 |issue=6 |pages=2538 |doi=10.3390/su12062538 |issn=2071-1050 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

The Republican Party's populist and far-right movements emerged in occurrence with a global increase in populist movements in the 2010s and 2020s,<ref name="Isaac2017"/> coupled with entrenchment and increased partisanship within the party since 2010, fueled by the rise of the [[Tea Party movement]] which has also been described as far-right.<ref name="Blum pp. 88–109">{{cite journal | last=Blum | first=Rachel M. & Cowburn, Mike | title=How Local Factions Pressure Parties: Activist Groups and Primary Contests in the Tea Party Era | journal=British Journal of Political Science | date=2024 | publisher=Cambridge University Press | volume=54 | issue=1 | pages=88–109 | doi=10.1017/S0007123423000224 | url=https://ideas.repec.org/a/cup/bjposi/v54y2024i1p88-109_5.html | access-date=2023-12-31}}</ref> The election of Trump in 2016 split the party into pro-Trump and [[Never Trump movement|anti-Trump]] factions.<ref name ="Johnson-McCray-Ragusa 2018" /><ref name ="Swartz2022" />

The party's Trumpist faction includes members of the [[Freedom Caucus]],<ref name="NBC4 Washington 2023 e016">{{cite web | title=Far-right Republicans drafted a short-term funding bill with GOP centrists. It's now at risk of collapse. | website=NBC4 Washington | date=2023-09-19 | url=https://www.nbcwashington.com/news/politics/far-right-republicans-drafted-a-short-term-funding-bill-with-gop-centrists-its-now-at-risk-of-collapse/3426059/ | access-date=2023-12-31}}</ref><ref name="Hulse 2023 y458">{{cite web | last=Hulse | first=Carl | title=In Mike Johnson, Far-Right Republicans Find a Speaker They Can Embrace | website=The New York Times | date=2023-10-25 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/25/us/politics/mike-johnson-republican-house-speaker.html | access-date=2023-12-31}}</ref><ref name="Mascaro Freking Amiri 2023 a302">{{cite web | last1=Mascaro | first1=Lisa | last2=Freking | first2=Kevin | last3=Amiri | first3=Farnoush | title=Republicans pick Jim Jordan as nominee for House speaker, putting job within the Trump ally's reach | website=AP News | date=2023-10-13 | url=https://apnews.com/article/house-republicans-scalise-jordan-mccarthy-trump-ced017e71de967a7e327cba7e502926a | access-date=2023-12-31}}</ref> as well as [[Lauren Boebert]], [[Marjorie Taylor Greene]] and [[Matt Gaetz]], who led [[Removal of Kevin McCarthy as Speaker of the House|the 2023 rebellion against then-Speaker of the House]] [[Kevin McCarthy]].<ref name="Al Jazeera 2023 n655">{{cite web | title=Kevin McCarthy removed as US House speaker in unprecedented vote | website=Al Jazeera | date=2023-10-03 | url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/3/us-house-speaker-mccarthy-removed-from-role-in-unprecedented-vote | access-date=2023-12-31}}</ref><ref name="Vargas 2023 x488">{{cite web | last=Vargas | first=Ramon Antonio | title=Matt Gaetz says ousting of Kevin McCarthy was worth risk of losing seat | website=The Guardian | date=2023-10-09 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/oct/09/matt-gaetz-kevin-mccarthy-ouster-worth-risk-losing-seat | access-date=2023-12-31}}</ref>

Joseph Lowndes, a professor of political science at the University of Oregon, argued that while current far-right Republicans support Trump, the faction rose before and will likely exist after Trump.<ref name="Lowndes 2021 q431">{{cite news | last=Lowndes | first=Joseph | title=Far-right extremism dominates the GOP. It didn't start — and won't end — with Trump | newspaper=Washington Post | date=2021-11-08 | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/11/08/far-right-extremism-dominates-gop-it-didnt-start-wont-end-with-trump/ | access-date=2023-12-31}}</ref> Julia Azari, an associate professor of political science at [[Marquette University]], noted that not all Trumpist Republicans are public supporters of Donald Trump, and that some Republicans endorse Trump policies while distancing themselves from Trump as a person.<ref name="Azari 2022 j483">{{cite web | last=Azari | first=Julia | title=How Republicans Are Thinking About Trumpism Without Trump | website=FiveThirtyEight | date=2022-03-15 | url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/how-republicans-are-thinking-about-trumpism-without-trump/ | access-date=2024-03-08}}</ref> According to sociologist [[Joe Feagin]], political polarization by racially extremist Republicans as well as their increased attention from conservative media has perpetuated the near extinction of moderate Republicans and created legislative paralysis at numerous government levels in the last few decades.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Feagin |first=Joe R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tPGyEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT5 |title=White Minority Nation: Past, Present and Future |date=2023-04-25 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-000-86223-2 |language=en}}</ref>