Monism

====Judaism====
{{Main|Judaism}}
Jewish thought considers God as [[transcendence (religion)|separate from all physical, created things]] and as existing outside of time.{{refn|group=note|For a discussion of the resultant [[paradox]], see ''[[Tzimtzum]]''.}}{{refn|group=note|See also [[Negative theology#In the Jewish tradition|Negative theology]].}}

According to [[Maimonides]],<ref>See ''Foundations of the Law'', Chapter 1</ref> God is an [[Incorporeality|incorporeal being]] that caused all other existence.{{citation needed|date=October 2021}} According to Maimonides, to admit [[wikt:wiki/corporeal|corporeality]] to God is tantamount to admitting complexity to God, which is a contradiction to God as the [[Unmoved mover#First cause|first cause]]{{citation needed|date=October 2021}} and constitutes [[Heresy in Judaism|heresy]]. While [[Hasidism|Hasidic]] mystics considered the existence of the physical world a contradiction to God's [[Divine simplicity#In Jewish thought|simpleness]], Maimonides saw no contradiction.{{refn|group=note|See the "Guide for the Perplexed", especially chapter I:50.}}

According to [[Hasidic philosophy|Hasidic thought]] (particularly as propounded by the 18th century, early 19th-century founder of [[Chabad]], [[Shneur Zalman of Liadi]]), God is held to be [[Immanence|immanent]] within [[Genesis creation myth|creation]] for two interrelated reasons:
# A very strong Jewish belief is that "[t]he Divine life-force which brings [the universe] into existence must constantly be present ... were this life-force to forsake [the universe] for even one brief moment, it would revert to a state of utter nothingness, as before the creation ..."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.chabad.org/library/tanya/tanya_cdo/aid/7988/jewish/Chapter-2.htm|title=Chapter 2|website=Chabad.org|access-date=24 January 2019}}</ref>
# Simultaneously, Judaism holds as [[axiom]]atic that God is an absolute unity, and that he is perfectly simple, thus, if his sustaining power is within nature, then his essence is also within nature.{{citation needed|date=October 2021}}

The [[Vilna Gaon]] was very much against this philosophy, for he felt that it would lead to pantheism and heresy. According to some this is the main reason for the Gaon's ban on Chasidism.{{citation needed|date=October 2021}}