London

===Ethnic groups===
{{main|Ethnic groups in London}}
{{multiple image
| caption_align     = center
| header_align      = center
| align             = right
| direction         = vertical
| width             = 200
| header            = Maps of Greater London showing percentage distribution of selected ethnic groups according to the 2021 Census
| image1            = White London 2021.png
| alt1              = White
| caption1          = [[White people in the United Kingdom|White]] (53.8%)
| image2            = Asian London 2021.png
| alt2              = Asian
| caption2          = [[British Asian|Asian]] (20.8%)
| image3            = Black London 2021.png
| alt3              = Black
| caption3          = [[Black British people|Black]] (13.5%)
}}

According to the [[Office for National Statistics]], based on the 2021 census, 53.8 per cent of the 8,173,941 inhabitants of London were [[White people|White]], with 36.8% [[White British]], 1.8% [[Irish migration to Great Britain|White Irish]], 0.1% [[Gypsy (term)|Gypsy]]/[[Irish traveller|Irish Traveller]], 0.4 Roma and 14.7% classified as [[Other White]].<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Ethnic group - Office for National Statistics |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/datasets/TS021/editions/2021/versions/1/filter-outputs/d2f0a39a-75b6-4995-b4bd-a5b68ff79027#get-data |access-date=5 December 2022 |website=Ons.gov.uk}}</ref> Meanwhile, 22.2% of Londoners were of [[British Asian|Asian]] or mixed-Asian descent, with 20.8% being of full Asian descents and 1.4% being of mixed-Asian heritage. [[British Indian|Indians]] accounted for 7.5% of the population, followed by [[British Pakistanis|Pakistanis]] and [[British Bangladeshi|Bangladeshis]] at 3.3% and 3.7% respectively. [[British Chinese|Chinese]] people accounted for 1.7%, and [[British Arabs|Arabs]] for 1.6%. A further 4.6% were classified as "Other Asian".<ref name=":5" /> 15.9% of London's population were of [[Black British|Black]] or mixed-Black descent. 13.5% were of full Black descent, with persons of mixed-Black heritage comprising 2.4%. [[Black British|Black Africans]] accounted for 7.9% of London's population; 3.9% identified as [[British African-Caribbean community|Black Caribbean]], and 1.7% as "Other Black". 5.7% were of [[Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)|mixed race]].<ref name=":5" /> This ethnic structure has changed considerably since the 1960s. Estimates for 1961 put the total non-White ethnic minority population at 179,109 comprising 2.3% of the population at the time,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lee |first=Trevor R. |date=1973 |title=Immigrants in London: Trends in distribution and concentration 1961–71 |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1369183X.1973.9975191 |journal=Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies |language=en |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=145–158 |doi=10.1080/1369183X.1973.9975191 |issn=1369-183X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Collins |first=Charles |date=1971 |title=Distribution of Commonwealth immigrants in Greater London |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43617773 |journal=Ekistics |volume=32 |issue=188 |pages=12–21 |jstor=43617773 |issn=0013-2942}}</ref> having risen since then to 1,346,119 and 20.2% in 1991<ref>{{Cite web |title=1991 census - local base statistics - Nomis - Official Census and Labour Market Statistics |url=https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/datasets/lbs91 |access-date=14 January 2024 |website=nomisweb.co.uk}}</ref> and 4,068,553 and 46.2% in 2021.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=Ethnic group - Office for National Statistics |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/datasets/TS021/editions/2021/versions/1/filter-outputs/d2f0a39a-75b6-4995-b4bd-a5b68ff79027 |access-date=14 January 2024 |website=ons.gov.uk}}</ref> Of those of a White British background, estimates for 1971 put the population at 6,500,000 and 87% of the total population,<ref>{{Citation |first1=David |last1=Goodhew |first2=Anthony-Paul |last2=Cooper |title=The Desecularisation of the City: London's Churches, 1980 to the Present |date=2018 |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781351167765-1/desecularisation-city-london-churches-1980-present-david-goodhew-anthony-paul-cooper |work=The Desecularisation of the City |pages=3–38 |access-date=14 January 2024 |publisher=Routledge |doi=10.4324/9781351167765-1 |isbn=978-1-351-16776-5|s2cid=240171114 }}</ref> of since fell to 3,239,281 and 36.8% in 2021.<ref name=":7" />

As of 2021, the majority of London's school pupils come from ethnic minority backgrounds. 23.9% were White British, 14% Other White, 23.2% Asian, 17.9% Black, 11.3% Mixed, 6.3% Other and 2.3% unclassified.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Schools, pupils and their characteristics, Academic year 2022/23 |url=https://explore-education-statistics.service.gov.uk/find-statistics/school-pupils-and-their-characteristics |access-date=14 January 2024 |website=explore-education-statistics.service.gov.uk |language=en}}</ref> Altogether at the 2021 census, of London's 1,695,741 population aged 0 to 15, 42% were White in total, spliting it down into 30.9% who were White British, 0.5% Irish, 10.6% Other White, 23% Asian, 16.4% Black, 12% Mixed and 6.6% another ethnic group.<ref>{{Cite web |author=ONS |url=https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/livelinks/12297.xlsx |title=LC2109EWls – Ethnic group by age |publisher=nomisweb.co.uk |access-date=26 March 2015}}</ref>