United States

=== Science, technology, and energy ===
{{Main|Science and technology in the United States|Science policy of the United States|Communications in the United States|Energy in the United States}}
[[File:Buzz salutes the U.S. Flag-crop.jpg|thumb|U.S. astronaut [[Buzz Aldrin]] saluting the [[Flag of the United States|American flag]] on the [[Moon]] during the 1969 [[Apollo 11]] mission; the United States is the only country that has [[Moon landing|landed crews on the lunar surface]].]]
The United States has been a leader in technological [[innovation]] since the late 19th century and scientific research since the mid-20th century. Methods for producing [[interchangeable parts]] and the establishment of a [[machine tool]] industry enabled [[American system of manufacturing|the large-scale manufacturing]] of U.S. consumer products in the late 19th century. By the early 20th century, factory [[electrification]], the introduction of the [[assembly line]], and other [[automation|labor-saving techniques]] created the system of [[mass production]].<ref>{{Hounshell1984}}</ref> The United States is a leader in the development of [[artificial intelligence]] technology and has maintained [[Space policy of the United States|a space program]] since the late 1950s, with [[Artemis program|plans for long-term habitation of the Moon]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Global AI Vibrancy Tool |url=https://aiindex.stanford.edu/vibrancy/ |website=Artificial Intelligence Index |publisher=Stanford University |year=2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author1=Mike Wall |date=2023-06-09 |title=SpaceX Starship problems likely to delay Artemis 3 moon mission to 2026, NASA says |url=https://www.space.com/spacex-starship-problems-delay-artemis-3-2026 |access-date=2023-08-08 |website=Space.com |language=en}}</ref>
<!--This can be expanded into a section about the American space program.--><!--The nation returned to [[Exploration of the Moon|space exploration]] with the [[Artemis program|''Artemis'' Program]]; it plans for a [[Artemis 3|crewed lunar landing]] and launch of the world's [[Lunar Gateway|first planned extraterrestrial space station]], both in 2025, and yearly returns to the moon thereafter. Its long-term goal is to establish a [[Colonization of the Moon|permanent base on the Moon]] to facilitate the feasibility of [[Human mission to Mars|human missions to Mars]].<ref>{{Cite web |author1=Mike Wall |date=2023-06-09 |title=SpaceX Starship problems likely to delay Artemis 3 moon mission to 2026, NASA says |url=https://www.space.com/spacex-starship-problems-delay-artemis-3-2026 |access-date=2023-08-08 |website=Space.com |language=en}}</ref>-->

In 2022, the United States was the country with the [[List of countries by number of scientific and technical journal articles|second-highest number of published scientific papers]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=SJR – International Science Ranking|url=https://www.scimagojr.com/countryrank.php?order=itp&ord=desc&year=2020|access-date=February 5, 2022|website=Scimagojr.com|language=en-uk}}</ref> As of 2021, the U.S. ranked second by the number of [[World Intellectual Property Indicators|patent applications]], and third by trademark and industrial design applications.<ref>{{cite book |title=World Intellectual Property Indicators 2021 |url=https://www.wipo.int/publications/en/details.jsp?id=4571&plang=EN |access-date=April 27, 2022 | doi=10.34667/tind.44461 |language=en | author1=World Intellectual Property Organization. | series=World IP Indicators (WIPI) | year=2021 | publisher=World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | isbn=9789280533293 }}</ref> In 2023, the United States ranked 3rd in the [[Global Innovation Index]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=WIPO |title=Global Innovation Index 2023, 15th Edition |url=https://www.wipo.int/global_innovation_index/en/2023/index.html |access-date=2023-10-17 |date=December 28, 2023 |publisher=World Intellectual Property Organization |doi=10.34667/tind.46596 |isbn=9789280534320 |language=en}}</ref>

{{as of|2022}}, the United States receives approximately 81% of its energy from fossil fuel and the largest source of the country's energy came from [[Petroleum in the United States|petroleum]] (35.8%), followed by [[Natural gas in the United States|natural gas]] (33.4%), [[Renewable energy in the United States|renewable sources]] (13.3%), [[Coal in the United States|coal]] (9.8%), and [[Nuclear power in the United States|nuclear power]] (8%).<ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. energy facts explained - consumption and production - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) |url=https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/us-energy-facts/ |access-date=2023-11-21 |website=eia.gov}}</ref><ref name="visu">{{cite web |date= March 2022|title=Energy Flow Charts: Charting the Complex Relationships among Energy, Water, and Carbon |url=https://flowcharts.llnl.gov/ |access-date=May 16, 2023 |publisher=Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory}}</ref><!--Numbers do not add up to 100 due to rounding errors. --> The United States constitutes less than 5% of the [[world population|world's population]], but consumes 17% of the world's energy.<ref>{{cite news |date=November 5, 2021 |title=What is the United States' share of world energy consumption? |work=[[Energy Information Administration|U.S. Energy Information Administration]] |url=https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.php?id=87&t=1}}</ref><ref name="EIA">{{cite web |title=EIA – Petroleum Basic Data |date=October 28, 2022|url =https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/oil-and-petroleum-products/data-and-statistics.php |access-date=August 27, 2023 |publisher=Eia.doe.gov}}</ref> The U.S. ranks as the [[List of countries by greenhouse gas emissions|second-highest emitter of greenhouse gases]].<ref>{{cite web |last=US EPA |first=OAR |date=February 8, 2017 |title=Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks |url= https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/inventory-us-greenhouse-gas-emissions-and-sinks |access-date=December 3, 2020 |website=US EPA |language=en}}</ref>
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