The Bronx

===Race, ethnicity, language, and immigration===
{{See also|List of people from the Bronx}}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Race
!2021<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=QuickFacts: Bronx County, New York |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/bronxcountynewyork/PST045222#PST045222 |access-date=March 22, 2023 |website=U.S. Census Bureau |language=en}}</ref>
!2020<ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Bronx%20borough,%20Bronx%20County,%20New%20York&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P1|title=2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171)|website=U.S. Census Bureau|language=en|access-date=February 20, 2022}}</ref>
!2010<ref name="GR2"/>
!1990<ref name=":1">{{cite web |title=Population Division Working Paper – Historical Census Statistics On Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990 – U.S. Census Bureau |url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |url-status=dead |access-date=October 16, 2019 |website=U.S. Census Bureau |archive-date=August 12, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812191959/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html }}</ref>
!1970<ref name=":1" />
!1950<ref name=":1" />
|-
|[[White Americans|White]]
|14.3%
|14.1%
|27.9%
|35.7%
|73.4%
|93.1%
|-
|—Non-Hispanic
|9.0%
|8.9%
|10.9%
|22.6%
|N/A
|N/A
|-
|[[African Americans|Black or African American]]
|33.8%
|33.1%
|36.5%
|37.3%
|24.3%
|6.7%
|-
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (of any race)
|56.4%
|54.8%
|53.5%
|43.5%
|27.7%<ref name="fifteen">From 15% sample</ref>
|N/A
|-
|[[Asian Americans|Asian]]
|4.7%
|4.7%
|3.6%
|3%
|0.5%
|0.1%
|-
|[[Multiracial Americans|Two or more races]]
|3.8%
|13.0%
|5.3%
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|}
[[File:Ethnic Origins in the Bronx.png|thumb|330x330px|Ethnic origins in the Bronx]]

====2018 estimates====
The borough's most populous racial group, white, declined from 99.3% in 1920 to 14.9% in 2018.<ref name=":1" />

The Bronx has 532,487 housing units, with a median value of $371,800, and with an owner-occupancy rate of 19.7%, the lowest of the five boroughs. There are 495,356 households, with 2.85 persons per household. 59.3% of residents speak a language besides English at home, the highest rate of the five boroughs.

In the Bronx, the population is 7.2% under 5, 17.6% 6–18, 62.4% 19–64, and 12.8% over 65. 52.9% of the population is female. 35.3% of residents are foreign born.

The per capita income is $19,721, while the median household income is $36,593, both being the lowest of the five boroughs. 27.9% of residents live below the poverty line, the highest of the five boroughs.

====2010 census====
According to the 2010 Census, 53.5% of Bronx's population was of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin (they may be of any race); 30.1% non-Hispanic Black or African American, 10.9% of the population was non-Hispanic White, 3.4% non-Hispanic Asian, 1.2% of two or more races (non-Hispanic), and 0.6% from some other race (non-Hispanic).

As of 2010, 46.29% (584,463) of Bronx residents aged five and older spoke [[Spanish language|Spanish]] at home, while 44.02% (555,767) spoke [[English language|English]], 2.48% (31,361) [[Languages of Africa|African languages]], 0.91% (11,455) [[French language|French]], 0.90% (11,355) [[Italian language|Italian]], 0.87% (10,946) [[Indo-Aryan languages|various Indic languages]], 0.70% (8,836) [[Indo-European languages|other Indo-European languages]], and [[Chinese language|Chinese]] was spoken at home by 0.50% (6,610) of the population over the age of five. In total, 55.98% (706,783) of the Bronx's population age five and older spoke a language at home other than English.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mla.org/cgi-shl/docstudio/docs.pl?map_data_results |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060619224705/http://www.mla.org/cgi-shl/docstudio/docs.pl?map_data_results |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 19, 2006 |title=Bronx County, New York |publisher=[[Modern Language Association]] |access-date=August 10, 2013 }}</ref> A [[Garifuna language|Garifuna]]-speaking community from [[Honduras]] and [[Guatemala]] also makes the Bronx its home.<ref>{{cite news |last=Claudio Torrens |title=Some NY immigrants cite lack of Spanish as barrier |work=The San Diego Union-Tribune |access-date=February 10, 2013 |date=May 28, 2011 |url=http://www.utsandiego.com/news/2011/may/28/some-ny-immigrants-cite-lack-of-spanish-as-barrier/}}</ref>

[[File:Race and ethnicity 2010- New York City (5559914315).png|thumb|Map of racial distribution in New York, 2010 U.S. Census. Each dot is 25 people: <span style="color:#f00;">'''White'''</span>, <span style="color:#00f;">'''Black'''</span>, <span style="color:#00ff80">'''Asian'''</span>, <span style="color:#ff8000">'''Hispanic'''</span>, or '''Other''' (yellow)]]
====2009 community survey====
{{more citations needed section|date=June 2021}}
The Bronx is the only New York City borough with a [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic]] majority,<ref name = quickfacts-census>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/newyorkcitynewyork,bronxcountybronxboroughnewyork,kingscountybrooklynboroughnewyork,newyorkcountymanhattanboroughnewyork,queenscountyqueensboroughnewyork,richmondcountystatenislandboroughnewyork/PST045218|date=2019|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=April 28, 2020|title=U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts}}</ref> many of whom are [[Puerto Rican American|Puerto Ricans]] and [[Dominican American|Dominicans]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://statisticalatlas.com/county/New-York/Bronx-County/National-Origin|date=2018 |title=National Origin in Bronx County, New York (County) |website=Statistical Atlas|access-date=April 28, 2020}}</ref> According to the 2009 American Community Survey, [[Black Americans]] were the second largest [[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|racial/ethnic]] group in the Bronx. Black people of both Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin represented over one-third (35.4%) of the Bronx's population. Black people of non-Hispanic origin made up 30.8% of the population. Over 495,200 Black people resided in the borough, of whom 87% were non-Hispanic. Over 61,000 people identified themselves as Sub-Saharan African in the survey, making up 4.4% of the population.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last1=TheBronxDaily |last2=Bronck |first2=Jonas |date=October 12, 2010 |title=Census 2010 {{!}} The Bronx Daily {{!}} Bronx.com |url=https://bronx.com/census-2010/,%20https://bronx.com/census-2010/ |access-date=September 18, 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>

Multiracial Americans are also a sizable minority in the Bronx. People of multiracial heritage number over 41,800 individuals and represent 3.0% of the population. People of mixed [[African American]] and [[European Americans|European American]] heritage number over 6,850 members and form 0.5% of the population. People of mixed [[Indigenous people of North America|Native American]] and European heritage number over 2,450 members and form 0.2% of the population. People of mixed [[Asian American|Asian]] and European heritage number over 880 members and form 0.1% of the population. People of mixed African American and Native American heritage number over 1,220 members and form 0.1% of the population.<ref name=":3" />

Out of all five boroughs, the Bronx has the lowest number and proportion of white residents. As of 2009, [[White Americans]] of both Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin represented over one-fifth (22.9%) of the Bronx's population, or 320,640 people. [[Non-Hispanic White]] people accounted for one-eighth of the population (12.1%, or 168,570 12.1%). This is in contrast to a century ago, when almost all Bronx residents were white (99.3% in 1920). That share fell to about one-third by 1980 (34.4%).<ref name="census">{{cite web|title=New York – Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |access-date=May 4, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812191959/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |archive-date=August 12, 2012 }}</ref> As of 2009, [[White Americans]] of both Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin represented one-fifth (22.9%) of the Bronx's population, but counting [[non-Hispanic White]] people the proportion was under one-eighth (12.1%). The majority of the non-Hispanic European American population is of Italian and Irish descent. [[Italian American|People of Italian descent]] numbered over 55,000 individuals and made up 3.9% of the population. [[Irish American|People of Irish descent]] numbered over 43,500 individuals and made up 3.1% of the population. [[German Americans]] and [[Polish Americans]] made up 1.4% and 0.8% of the population respectively. The Bronx has the largest [[Albanian Americans|Albanian]] community in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bronxink.org/2011/12/15/21004-little-albania/|title="Little Albania" in the Bronx}}</ref> As of 2018, non-Hispanic White people account for about one in seven residents (14.9% in 2018).<ref name=":1" />

====Older estimates====
The [[1930 United States Census|Census of 1930]] counted only 1.0% (12,930) of the Bronx's population as Negro (while making no distinct counts of Hispanic or Spanish-surname residents).<ref name="census browser">[http://fisher.lib.virginia.edu/collections/stats/histcensus/index.html Historical Census Browser] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070815235059/http://fisher.lib.virginia.edu/collections/stats/histcensus/index.html |date=August 15, 2007 }} [[University of Virginia]], Geospatial and Statistical Data Center, retrieved on August 7, 2008, querying 1930 Census for New York State. "The data and terminology presented in the Historical Census Browser are drawn directly from historical volumes of the U.S. Census of Population and Housing."</ref>

<div align="center">
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; width:90%; fontsize:90%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Foreign or overseas birthplaces of Bronx residents, 1930 and 2000
|- style="text-align:center;"
| colspan="3" style="background:#ffff88;" |'''[[1930 United States Census]]'''<ref name="census browser" />|| colspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#88ffff;" |'''[[2000 United States Census]]'''<ref name="Quick Tables QT-P15 and QT-P22">[http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/QTTable?_bm=y&-state=qt&-context=qt&-qr_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U_QTP15&-qr_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U_QTP22&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U&-CONTEXT=qt&-tree_id=402&-all_geo_types=N&-redoLog=true&-geo_id=05000US36005&-search_results=01000US&-format=&-_lang=en Quick Tables QT-P15 and QT-P22], [[U.S. Census Bureau]], retrieved on August 10, 2008 {{webarchive |url=https://archive.today/20200212042639/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/QTTable?_bm=y&-state=qt&-context=qt&-qr_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U_QTP15&-qr_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U_QTP22&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U&-CONTEXT=qt&-tree_id=402&-all_geo_types=N&-redoLog=true&-geo_id=05000US36005&-search_results=01000US&-format=&-_lang=en |date=February 12, 2020 }}</ref>
|- style="background:#ffc;"
| style="width:40%; text-align:center;" |'''Total population of the Bronx'''
| style="width:5%;" |'''1,265,258'''
| style="width:5%;" |&nbsp;
| style="text-align:center; width:30%; background:#cff;" |'''Total population of the Bronx'''
| style="width:5%; background:#cff;" |'''1,332,650'''
| style="width:5%; background:#cff;" |&nbsp;
|-
|&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;|| style="text-align:center; background:#eff;" |'''''All born abroad or overseas'''''<sup>‡</sup>|| style="background:#eff;" |'''524,410'''|| style="background:#eff;" |'''''39.4%'''''
|-
|&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;|| style="text-align:left;" |[[Puerto Rico]]||126,649||''9.5%''
|- style="background:#ffe;"
| style="text-align:center;" |'''''Foreign-born Whites'''''||'''477,342'''||'''''37.7%'''''|| style="text-align:center; background:#eff;" | '''''All foreign-born''''' || style="background:#eff;" |'''385,827'''|| style="background:#eff;" |'''''29.0%'''''
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |[[White Americans|White persons]] born in [[Russia]]||135,210||''10.7%''|| align="left" |[[Dominican Republic]]||124,032||''9.3%''
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |White persons born in [[Italy]]||67,732||''5.4%''|| align="left" |[[Jamaica]]||51,120||''3.8%''
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |White persons born in [[Poland]]||55,969||''4.4%''|| align="left" |[[Mexico]]||20,962||''1.6%''
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |White persons born in [[Germany]]||43,349||''3.4%''|| align="left" |[[Guyana]]||14,868||''1.1%''
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |White persons born in the [[Irish Free State]] <sup>†</sup>||34,538||''2.7%''|| align="left" |[[Ecuador]]||14,800||''1.1%''
|-
| Other foreign birthplaces of Whites||140,544||''11.1%''||Other foreign birthplaces||160,045
||''12.0%''
|- style="text-align:center;"
| colspan="3" style="background:#ffe;" |<small>† now the [[Republic of Ireland]]</small>|| colspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#eff;" |<small> ‡ beyond the [[U.S. state|50 states]] and [[Washington, D.C.]]</small>
|}
</div>
{{Clear}}