Taiwan

===Major camps===
{{multiple image
| width = 100
| footer = 
| image1 =
| alt1 = A circular logo representing the island of Taiwan surrounded by the text "DEMOCRATIC PROGRESSIVE PARTY" and "民主進步黨"
| caption1 = The [[Democratic Progressive Party]], the main [[Pan-Green Coalition]] party
| image2 = Emblem of the Kuomintang.svg
| alt2 = A circular logo representing a white sun on a blue background. The sun is a circle surrounded by twelve triangles.
| caption2 = Emblem of the [[Kuomintang]], the main [[Pan-Blue Coalition]] party
}}

Taiwan's political scene is divided into two major camps in terms of cross-Strait relations, i.e. how Taiwan should relate to China or the PRC. The [[Pan-Green Coalition]] (e.g. the [[Democratic Progressive Party]]) leans pro-independence, and the [[Pan-Blue Coalition]] (e.g. the [[Kuomintang]]) leans pro-unification.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Lin|first1=Gang|last2=Wu|first2=Weixu|year=2017|title=The Transition of Party System in Taiwan: Divergence or Convergence?|journal=China Review|volume=17|issue=3|pages=141–166|jstor=44371801}}</ref> Moderates in both camps regard the Republic of China as a sovereign independent state, but the Pan-Green Coalition regard the ROC as [[Four-Stage Theory of the Republic of China|synonymous with Taiwan]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mo |first1=Yan-chih |last2=Chung |first2=Jake |title=Tsai affirms recognition of the ROC |url=https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2011/10/10/2003515353 |work=Taipei Times |date=10 October 2011 |quotation=...{{nbsp}}Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) Chairperson Tsai Ing-wen{{nbsp}}... said the ROC was Taiwan and Taiwan was the ROC{{nbsp}}...}}</ref> while moderates in the Pan-Blue Coalition view it as [[1992 Consensus|synonymous with China]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Shih |first1=Hsiao-kuang |last2=Xie |first2=Dennis |title=KMT task force unveils four pillars for stable, peaceful cross-strait relations |url=https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2020/06/20/2003738531 |access-date=20 June 2020 |work=Taipei Times |date=20 June 2020 |quotation=...{{nbsp}}the KMT and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP){{nbsp}}... acknowledge that there is 'one China,' with each side having its own interpretation of what 'China' means.}}</ref> These positions formed against the backdrop of the PRC's [[Anti-Secession Law]], which threatens the use of "non-peaceful means" to respond to formal Taiwanese independence.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Shi |first1=Jiangtao |title=Beijing may use Anti-Secession Law to seek Taiwan reunification, Wang says |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3193182/beijing-may-use-anti-secession-law-seek-taiwan-reunification |work=South China Morning Post |date=20 September 2022 |language=en |quotation=The 2005 Anti-Secession Law provides a legal framework for Beijing to use non-peaceful means to guard against pro-independence forces in Taiwan.}}</ref> The ROC government has understood this to mean a military invasion of Taiwan.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Official Position of the Republic of China (Taiwan) on the People's Republic of China's Anti-Secession (Anti-Separation) Law |url=https://www.mac.gov.tw/en/News_Content.aspx?n=8A319E37A32E01EA&sms=2413CFE1BCE87E0E&s=D1B0D66D5788F2DE |publisher=[[Mainland Affairs Council]] |date=29 March 2005 |quotation=[The intention of the 'Anti-Secession Law' is] to establish a legal basis for the military invasion of Taiwan: Through the 'Anti-Secession Law', China has changed its Taiwan policy from a mere political statement to a legal basis, paving the way for an invasion of Taiwan.}}</ref>

[[File:2012年臺灣519民進黨嗆馬踹共晚會 Democratic Progressive Party's Anti-Ma Ying-jeou Event in Taipei, TAIWAN.jpg|thumb|[[Democratic Progressive Party]]'s event in Taipei]]
The [[Pan-Green Coalition]] is mainly led by the pro-independence Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), [[Taiwan Statebuilding Party]] (TSP) and [[Green Party (Taiwan)|Green Party]] (GPT). They oppose the idea that Taiwan is part of China, and seek wide diplomatic recognition and an eventual declaration of formal [[Taiwan independence movement|Taiwan independence]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/asia_pac/04/taiwan_flashpoint/html/independence_debate.stm |title=Taiwan Flashpoint: Independence Debate |author=<!--Not stated--> |website=BBC News |publisher=BBC |access-date=6 March 2021}}</ref> In September 2007, the then ruling DPP approved a resolution asserting separate identity from China and called for the enactment of a new constitution for a "''normal country''". It called also for general use of "''Taiwan''" as the country's name, without abolishing its formal name, the "Republic of China".<ref name="AP2007">{{cite news|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/taiwan-party-asserts-separate-identity-1.258300|title=Taiwan party asserts separate identity from China |website=The Associated Press|date=30 September 2007|access-date=18 January 2023}}</ref> The name "Taiwan" has been used increasingly often after the emergence of the Taiwanese independence movement.<ref name="NYT2008"/> Some members of the coalition, such as former President Chen Shui-bian, argue that it is unnecessary to proclaim independence because "Taiwan is already an independent, sovereign country" and the Republic of China is the same as Taiwan.<ref>{{cite web|author=Crisis Group |url=http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=1653&l=1 |title=Taiwan Strait I: What's Left of 'One China'?|publisher=International Crisis Group |date=6 June 2003 |access-date=29 May 2009 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080709035143/http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=1653&l=1 |archive-date = 9 July 2008}}</ref> Despite being a member of KMT prior to and during his presidency, Lee Teng-hui also held a similar view and was a supporter of the [[Taiwanization]] movement.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Shirk|first=Susan L.|title=China: Fragile Superpower|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2007|isbn=978-0-19-530609-5|url=https://archive.org/details/chinafragilesupe00shir}}</ref> TSP and GPT<ref>{{Cite news |last=|first=|title= 讓全球綠黨的願景在台灣實現，守護公平正義的最佳第三勢力 |newspaper=The News Lens|date=27 December 2019|url= https://www.thenewslens.com/article/129238 |quote=台灣綠黨是最早表態支持蔡總統連任的小黨，護台抗中、反紅禦韓的立場鮮明，頻頻出戰，讓綠黨被對手批評是小綠、側翼，甚至還被柯文哲羞辱是比皇帝還著急的太監。}}</ref> have adopted a line that aggressive route more than the DPP, in order to win over pro-independence voters who are dissatisfied with the DPP's conservative stance.

The [[Pan-Blue Coalition]], composed of the pro-unification Kuomintang (KMT), [[People First Party (Republic of China)|People First Party]] (PFP) and [[New Party (Republic of China)|New Party]] generally support the spirit of the [[1992 Consensus]], where the KMT claimed that there is one China, but that the ROC and PRC have different interpretations of what "China" means. They favor eventual unification with China.<ref name="panblue-reunif-chineseid">{{Cite book|last=Pares|first=Susan |title=A political and economic dictionary of East Asia|publisher=Routledge|date=24 February 2005|page=267|isbn=978-1-85743-258-9|url={{GBurl|id=xJKePP5ATKUC}}|quote=The Pan-Blue coalition on the whole favours a Chinese nationalist identity and policies supporting reunification and increased economic links with the People's Republic of China.}}</ref> Regarding independence, the mainstream Pan-Blue position is to maintain the status quo, while refusing immediate unification.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Huang|first1=Chin-Hao|last2=James|first2=Patrick|date=2014|title=Blue, Green or Aquamarine? Taiwan and the Status Quo Preference in Cross-Strait Relations|journal=The China Quarterly|volume=219|issue=219 |pages=670–692|doi=10.1017/S0305741014000745|jstor=24740633|s2cid=40724777 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Cho|first1=Young Chul|last2=Ahn|first2=Mun Suk|year=2017|title=Taiwan's international visibility in the twenty-first century: A suggestive note|journal=International Journal|volume=72|issue=1|pages=79–90|doi=10.1177/0020702017692608|jstor=26414076|s2cid=151892075 }}</ref> President Ma Ying-jeou stated that there will be no unification nor declaration of independence during his presidency.<ref name="MasClaimtoMainland">{{Cite news |last=Ko |first=Shu-Ling |title=Ma refers to China as ROC territory in magazine interview|newspaper=Taipei Times|date=8 October 2008|url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2008/10/08/2003425320}}</ref><ref name="chinapost.com.tw">{{Cite news|title=Taiwan and China in 'special relations': Ma|newspaper=China Post|date=4 September 2008|url=http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/china-taiwan%20relations/2008/09/04/173082/Taiwan-and.htm|access-date=11 September 2008|archive-date=6 September 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080906092524/http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/china-taiwan%20relations/2008/09/04/173082/Taiwan-and.htm}}</ref> Some Pan-Blue members seek to improve relationships with PRC, with a focus on improving economic ties.<ref>{{cite news|last=Smith|first=Courtney Donovan|date=21 June 2022|title= How pro-China is the KMT now?|url=https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/4576006|work=Taiwan News|access-date=29 January 2023}}</ref>
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