Racial segregation

=== Kenya ===

The end of [[Kenya Colony|British colonial rule in Kenya]] in 1964 led to an inadvertent increase in ethnic segregation. Through private purchases and government schemes, farmland previously held by [[White people in Kenya|European farmers]] was transferred to African owners. These farms were further sub-divided into smaller localities, and, due to joint migration, many adjacent localities were occupied by members of different ethnic groups.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Oucho |first=John |title=Undercurrents of Ethnic Conflicts in Kenya |publisher=Brill |year=2002 |isbn=978-90-04-12459-2 |location=Leiden}}</ref>{{pages needed|date=April 2017}} This separation along these boundaries persists today. Kimuli Kasara, in a study of recent ethnic violence in the wake of the disputed [[2007–2008 Kenyan crisis|2007-08 Kenyan elections]], used these post-colonial boundaries as an [[Instrumental variable|instrument]] for the degree of ethnic segregation.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Kasara |first=Kimuli |date=2017 |title=Does Local Ethnic Segregation Lead to Violence?: Evidence from Kenya |url=http://www.columbia.edu/~kk2432/segviolence0616.pdf |journal=Quarterly Journal of Political Science |volume=11 |number=4 |pages=441–470 |doi=10.1561/100.00014115 |issn=1554-0626}}</ref> Through a [[Instrumental variable#Interpretation as two-stage least squares|2 Stage Least Squares Regression analysis]], Kasara showed that increased ethnic segregation in Kenya's [[Rift Valley Province]] is associated with an increase in ethnic violence.<ref name=":0" />