Nigeria

== Economy ==
{{main|Economy of Nigeria}}
[[File:GDP-per-capita West-Africa 2019.jpg|thumb|GDP per capita in West Africa, 2019<ref>{{cite web |title=Log Gross National Income per capita 2019 - Maps - Global Data Lab |url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/maps/lgnic/NGA/ |access-date=2022-10-17 |website=globaldatalab.org}}</ref>|300x300px]] 
Nigeria's economy is the [[List of African countries by GDP (nominal)|largest in Africa]], the [[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|31st-largest in the world]] by nominal GDP, and [[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|30th-largest]] by [[purchasing power parity|PPP]]. [[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|GDP (PPP)]] per capita is US$9,148<ref>{{cite web |title=GDP Per Capita {{!}} By Country {{!}} 2022 {{!}} Data |url=https://www.worldeconomics.com/Wealth/default.aspx |access-date=2022-10-24 |website=World Economics}}</ref> (as of 2022), which is less than South Africa, Egypt or Morocco, but a little more than Ghana or Ivory Coast.

Nigeria is a leader in Africa as an energy power, [[financial market]], in [[Medication|pharmaceuticals]] and in the [[Entertainment|entertainment industry]]. Next to petroleum, the second-largest source of foreign exchange earnings for Nigeria are [[remittance]]s sent home by Nigerians living abroad.<ref name="tribune.com.ng2">{{cite news |author=Gbola Subair-Abuja |date=8 September 2014 |title=Remittances from diaspora Nigerians as lubricant for the economy |newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]] |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/business/tribune-business/item/15469-remittances-from-diaspora-nigerians-as-lubricant-for-the-economy/15469-remittances-from-diaspora-nigerians-as-lubricant-for-the-economy |access-date=17 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317150032/http://www.tribune.com.ng/business/tribune-business/item/15469-remittances-from-diaspora-nigerians-as-lubricant-for-the-economy/15469-remittances-from-diaspora-nigerians-as-lubricant-for-the-economy |archive-date=17 March 2015}}</ref>

Nigeria has a [[Banking in Nigeria|highly developed financial services sector]], with a mix of local and international banks, asset management companies, brokerage houses, insurance companies and brokers, private equity funds and investment banks.<ref>{{cite book |last=Lewis |first=Peter |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T4-rlVeb1n0C&pg=PA168 |title=Growing Apart: Oil, Politics, and Economic Change in Indonesia and Nigeria |publisher=University of Michigan Press |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-472-06980-4 |page=168 |access-date=26 December 2008}}</ref>

Nigeria has a lower-middle-income economy<ref>{{cite web |date=January 2011 |title=World Bank list of economies |url=http://siteresources.worldbank.org/DATASTATISTICS/Resources/CLASS.XLS |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522153925/http://siteresources.worldbank.org/DATASTATISTICS/Resources/CLASS.XLS |archive-date=22 May 2011 |access-date=27 May 2011 |publisher=http: www.worldbank.org}}</ref> with an abundant supply of natural resources. Its wide array of underexploited mineral resources include coal, [[bauxite]], [[tantalite]], gold, [[tin]], iron ore, [[limestone]], [[niobium]], lead and [[zinc]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Ekene |first=Mfon Abel |date=2020-03-12 |title=Natural resources in Nigeria and their locations |url=https://www.makemoney.ng/natural-resources-in-nigeria-and-their-locations-full-list/ |access-date=2022-12-11 |website=MakeMoney.ng |language=en-GB}}</ref> Despite huge deposits of these natural resources, the mining industry in Nigeria is still in its infancy.

Before 1999, economic development has been hindered by years of military rule, corruption, and mismanagement. The restoration of democracy and subsequent economic reforms have supported economic potential.

After 2015, the Nigerian economy was able to diversify somewhat. Apart from oil and gas, Nigeria exports [[Fertilizer|fertilisers]] and [[cement]]/cement board, moulded [[polypropylene]] (plastic) products, [[Personal care|personal care products]], paint, [[Malt drink|malt beverages]] and armoured vehicles.

=== Agriculture ===
{{further|Agriculture in Nigeria}}
[[File:Palm nuts put out to dry.jpg|thumb|Nigerian palm nuts put out to dry]]
In 2021, about 23.4% of Nigeria's GDP is contributed by agriculture, forestry and fishing combined.<ref>{{cite web |title=Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NV.AGR.TOTL.ZS?locations=NG |access-date=2022-11-12 |website=World Bank}}</ref> Nigeria is the world's largest producer of [[Cassava production in Nigeria|cassava]].<ref name=":2">{{cite web |title=Nigeria at a glance{{!}}FAO in Nigeria{{!}}Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |url=https://www.fao.org/nigeria/fao-in-nigeria/nigeria-at-a-glance/en/ |access-date=2022-06-11 |website=fao.org}}</ref> Further major crops include [[maize]], [[rice]], [[millet]], [[Yam (vegetable)|yam beans]], and [[Sorghum bicolor|guinea corn]] (sorghum).<ref>{{cite web |title=Nigeria at a glance |url=https://www.fao.org/nigeria/fao-in-nigeria/nigeria-at-a-glance/en/ |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=fao.org}}</ref> [[Cocoa bean|Cocoa]] is the principal agricultural export, and one of the country's most significant non-petroleum products.<ref>{{citation |last=Cadoni |first=P. |title=Analysis of Incentives and Disincentives for Cocoa in Nigeria |date=2013 |url=https://www.fao.org/3/at586e/at586e.pdf |work=Technical notes series, MAFAP |publication-place=Rome |publisher=FAO}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Ibirogba |first=Femi |date=2018-12-17 |title=Stakeholders' strategies for re-awakening Nigeria's cocoa economy |url=https://guardian.ng/features/stakeholders-strategies-for-re-awakening-nigerias-cocoa-economy/ |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US |quote=“Among the six major agricultural exports of the pre-petroleum exporting years (cocoa, palm oil, palm kernel, rubber, groundnuts and cotton), cocoa is the one still standing tall in terms of non-oil exports,” [Professor Adegboyega Oguntade] said.}}</ref> Nigeria is also one of the world's top twenty exporters of [[natural rubber]], generating $20.9 million in 2019.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rubber in Nigeria {{!}} OEC |url=https://oec.world/en/profile/bilateral-product/rubber/reporter/nga |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=OEC - The Observatory of Economic Complexity}}</ref>

Before the [[Nigerian Civil War]] and the [[oil boom]], Nigeria was self-sufficient in food.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ekpo |first=Akpan H. |date=1986 |title=Food dependency and the nigerian economy: an ex-post analysis, 1960-80 |url=https://www.africabib.org/rec.php?RID=119536714 |journal=The Nigerian Journal of Economic and Social Studies |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=257–273 |quote=Up to 1974, the Nigerian economy was self-sufficient in the production of food. In recent years, however, Nigeria has become a net importer of basic foods.}}</ref><ref name=":11">{{cite journal |last1=Nwozor |first1=Agaptus |last2=Olanrewaju |first2=John Shola |last3=Ake |first3=Modupe B. |title=National Insecurity and the Challenges of Food Security in Nigeria |url=https://eprints.lmu.edu.ng/2805/1/10603-Article%20Text-41107-1-10-20191221.pdf |journal=Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies |year=2019 |volume=8 |issue=4 |publisher=Richtmann Publishing |doi=10.36941/ajis-2019-0032 |s2cid=213869061 |issn=2281-3993}}</ref><ref>{{citation |last=Okotie |first=Sylvester |title=Chapter 5 - The Nigerian Economy Before the Discovery of Crude Oil |date=2018-01-01 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128093993000057 |work=The Political Ecology of Oil and Gas Activities in the Nigerian Aquatic Ecosystem |pages=71–81 |editor-last=Ndimele |editor-first=Prince E. |access-date=2023-03-26 |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-12-809399-3}}</ref>  Agriculture used to be the principal foreign exchange earner of Nigeria.<ref>{{cite book |last=Ake |first=Claude |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bs5rTH7GClgC&pg=PA48 |title=Democracy and Development in Africa |publisher=Brookings Institution Press |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-8157-0220-7 |page=48 |access-date=26 December 2008}}</ref> Agriculture has failed to keep pace with Nigeria's rapid population growth, and Nigeria now relies upon food imports to sustain itself.<ref name=":11" /><ref>{{cite news |date=2019-08-16 |title=Why Nigeria has restricted food imports |language=en-GB |publisher=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-49367968 |access-date=2023-03-26}}</ref>  It spends US$6.7 billion yearly for food imports, four times more than revenues from food export.<ref name=":2" /> The Nigerian government promoted the use of inorganic fertilizers in the 1970s.<ref name="pasquini2">{{cite journal|last1=Pasquini|first1=MW|last2=Alexander|first2=MJ|date=2005|title=Soil fertility management strategies on the Jos Plateau: the need for integrating 'empirical' and 'scientific' knowledge in agricultural development|journal=Geographical Journal|volume=171|issue=2|pages=112–124|doi=10.1111/j.1475-4959.2005.00154.x|bibcode=2005GeogJ.171..112P }}</ref>

Nigeria's rice production increased by 10% from 2017/18 to 2021/22 to 5 million tonnes a year,<ref>{{cite web |date=2022-04-22 |title=Rice pyramids and Nigeria's production puzzle |url=https://guardian.ng/features/rice-pyramids-and-nigerias-production-puzzle/ |access-date=2022-06-17 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> but could hardly keep up with the increased demand. Rice imports therefore remained constant at 2 million tonnes per year.  In August 2019, Nigeria closed its border with Benin and other neighbouring countries to stop rice smuggling into the country as part of efforts to boost local production.<ref>{{cite news |date=29 August 2019 |title=Nigeria closes part of border with Benin to check rice smuggling |publisher=Reuters |url=https://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFKCN1VJ0PH-OZATP |url-status=dead |access-date=29 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829113752/https://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFKCN1VJ0PH-OZATP |archive-date=29 August 2019}}</ref>

Until now, Nigeria exported unhusked rice but had to import husked rice, the country's staple food. - The [[Imota rice mill|rice mill in Imota]], near Lagos, is intended to handle the corresponding processing at home, improve the balance of trade and the labour market, and save unnecessary costs for transport and middlemen. When fully operational at the end of 2022, the plant, the largest south of the Sahara, is expected to employ 250,000 people and produce 2.5 million 50-kg bags of rice annually.<ref>{{cite web |date=2022-05-04 |title=Lagos today: Like Tinubu like Sanwo-Olu |url=https://www.thecable.ng/lagos-today-like-tinubu-like-sanwo-olu |access-date=2022-05-26 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Oil and natural gas ===
{{further|Petroleum industry in Nigeria|Oil theft in Nigeria}}
[[File:Nigeria-oil-n-gas.jpg|thumb|Oil and gas fields in the Niger delta|300x300px]]
Nigeria is the [[List of countries by oil production|15th largest producer of petroleum in the world]], the [[List of countries by oil exports|6th largest exporter]], and has the [[List of countries by proven oil reserves|9th largest proven reserves]]. Petroleum plays a large role in the Nigerian economy and politics, accounting for about 80% of government earnings. Nigeria also has the [[List of countries by natural gas proven reserves|9th largest proven natural gas reserves]] estimated by [[OPEC]]; the government's value of its about 206.53 trillion cubic feet has been valued at $803.4 trillion.<ref>{{cite web |last=Nnodim |first=Okechukwu |date=2022-04-29 |title=Nigeria's proven gas reserves worth over $803.4tn – FG |url=https://punchng.com/nigerias-proven-gas-reserves-worth-over-803-4tn-fg/ |access-date=2023-06-14 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> Natural gas is seen as having the potential to unlock an [[economic miracle]] on the Niger River.<ref>{{cite web |author=PricewaterhouseCoopers |title=Evaluating Nigeria's Gas Value Chain |url=https://www.pwc.com/ng/en/publications/evaluating-nigeria-gas-value-chain.html |access-date=2023-06-14 |publisher=PwC |language=en-NG}}</ref> Nigeria each year loses to [[Gas flare|gas flaring]] an estimate of US$2.5 billion,<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ejiogu |first=Amanze R. |date=2013 |title=Gas Flaring in Nigeria: Costs and Policy |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43735213 |journal=Energy & Environment |volume=24 |issue=6 |pages=983–998 |doi=10.1260/0958-305X.24.6.983 |jstor=43735213 |bibcode=2013EnEnv..24..983E |s2cid=153746438 |issn=0958-305X}}</ref> and over 120,000 barrels of oil per day to [[Oil theft in Nigeria|crude theft]] in the [[Niger Delta]], its main oil-producing region.<ref>{{cite news |last=Onuah |first=Felix |date=2022-08-19 |title=Nigeria's Buhari worried over large scale crude oil theft |publisher=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/nigerias-buhari-worried-over-large-scale-crude-oil-theft-2022-08-19/ |access-date=2023-06-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite news  |date=2022-07-07 |title=Shell Nigeria says crude oil theft an existential threat to industry |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/shell-nigeria-says-crude-oil-theft-an-existential-threat-industry-2022-07-06/ |access-date=2023-06-14}}</ref> This has led to [[Piracy in the Gulf of Guinea|piracy]] and [[Conflict in the Niger Delta|conflict]] for control in the region and has led to disruptions in production preventing the country from meeting its OPEC quota and exporting petroleum at full capability.<ref>{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Lizzie|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fwuQ71ZbaOcC&pg=PA26|title=Nigeria: The Bradt Travel Guide|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides|year=2008|isbn=978-1-84162-239-2|page=26|access-date=26 December 2008}}</ref>

[[File:Nigerdelta NASA.jpg|thumb|Overflight photo of the creeks of the Niger Delta]]

Nigeria has a total of 159 [[Petroleum reservoir|oil fields]] and 1,481 [[Oil well|wells]] in operation according to the [[Department of Petroleum Resources]].<ref name="NDES2">''Environmental Resources Managers Ltd, Niger Delta Environmental Survey Final Report Phase I; Volume I: Environmental and Socio-Economic Characteristics (Lagos: Niger Delta Environmental Survey, September 1997)''</ref> The most productive region of the nation is the coastal [[Niger Delta Basin (geology)|Niger Delta Basin]] in the Niger Delta or "south-south" region which encompasses 78 of the 159 oil fields. Most of Nigeria's oil fields are small and scattered, and as of 1990, these small fields accounted for 62.1% of all Nigerian production. This contrasts with the sixteen largest fields which produced 37.9% of Nigeria's petroleum at that time.<ref name="politicaleconomy2">''Nigeria: The Political Economy of Oil'' {{ISBN|0-19-730014-6}} (Khan, Ahmad)</ref> Petrol was Nigeria's main import commodity until 2021, accounting for 24% of import volume.<ref>{{cite web |title=Reports {{!}} National Bureau of Statistics |url=https://nigerianstat.gov.ng/elibrary/read/1241147 |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=nigerianstat.gov.ng}}</ref>

The Niger Delta Nembe Creek oil field was discovered in 1973 and produces from middle [[Miocene]] [[River delta|deltaic]] [[sandstone]]-[[shale]] in an [[anticline]] [[Petroleum trap|structural trap]] at a depth of {{convert|2|to|4|km|ft|-3|abbr=off}}.<ref>Nelson, P.H.H., Role of Reflection Seismic in Development of Nembe Creek Field, Nigeria, 1980, in Giant Oil and Gas Fields of the Decade: 1968–1978, AAPG Memoir 30, Halbouty, M.T., editor, Tulsa: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, {{ISBN|0-89181-306-3}}, pp. 565–576</ref> In June 2013, Shell announced a strategic review of its operations in Nigeria, hinting that assets could be divested. While many international oil companies have operated there for decades, by 2014 most were making moves to divest their interests, citing a range of issues including oil theft. In August 2014, Shell said it was finalising its interests in four Nigerian oil fields.<ref name="ShellNigeria2">{{cite news |date=27 August 2014 |title=Stakes in four Nigerian oil fields being sold by Shell |publisher=Nigeria Sun |url=http://www.nigeriasun.com/index.php/sid/225153307 |access-date=28 August 2014}}</ref>

The supply of natural gas to Europe, threatened by the Ukraine war, is pushing projects to transport Nigerian natural gas via pipelines to Morocco or Algeria.<ref>{{cite web |title=Morocco closer to activating the gas pipeline with Nigeria |url=https://atalayar.com/en/content/morocco-closer-activating-gas-pipeline-nigeria |access-date=2022-05-26 |website=Atalayar |date=27 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Nigeria's president launches new gas pipeline project |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/energy/natural-gas/nigerias-president-launches-new-gas-pipeline-project/29750 |access-date=2022-05-26 |website=aa.com.tr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2022-05-09 |title=Nigeria-Morocco Gas Pipeline (NMGP) Project Updates |url=https://constructionreviewonline.com/project-timelines/nigeria-morocco-gas-pipeline-nmgp-project-updates/ |access-date=2022-05-26 |website=Construction Review Online |language=en-US}}</ref> As of May 2022, however, there are no results on this yet.

=== Energy ===
{{main|Energy in Nigeria}}
[[File:ASC Leiden - Rietveld Collection - Nigeria 1970 - 1973 - 01 - 083 Kainji Dam. The water flows from four openings.jpg|thumb|[[Kainji Dam]] on the [[Niger River]], built in the 1960s]]
Nigeria's energy consumption is much more than its generation capacity. Most of the energy comes from traditional fossil fuel, which account for 73% of total primary production. The rest is from hydropower (27%). Since independence, Nigeria has tried to develop a domestic nuclear industry for energy. Nigeria opened in 2004 a Chinese-origin research reactor at [[Ahmadu Bello University]] and has sought the support of the [[International Atomic Energy Agency]] to develop plans for up to 4,000 MWe of nuclear capacity by 2027 according to the National Program for the Deployment of Nuclear Power for Generation of Electricity. In 2007, President [[Umaru Musa Yar'Adua|Umaru Yar'Adua]] urged the country to embrace nuclear power to meet its growing energy needs. In 2017, Nigeria signed the UN [[Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons]].<ref>{{cite web |date=7 July 2017 |title=Chapter XXVI: Disarmament – No. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection}}</ref> In April 2015, Nigeria began talks with Russia's state-owned [[Rosatom]] to collaborate on the design, construction and operation of four nuclear power plants by 2035, the first of which will be in operation by 2025. In June 2015, Nigeria selected two sites for the planned construction of the nuclear plants. Neither the Nigerian government nor Rosatom would disclose the specific locations of the sites, but it is believed that the nuclear plants will be sited in [[Akwa Ibom State]] and [[Kogi State]]. The sites are planned to house two plants each. In 2017 agreements were signed for the construction of the [[Itu nuclear power plant]].

==== Electricity ====
94% of Nigerians are connected to the national grid, according to the survey, but only 57% have their electricity consumption recorded by an electricity meter.<ref name=":12">{{cite web |date=2023-06-23 |title=Only 57 Percent of Nigerian Electricity Customers are Metered |url=https://www.noi-polls.com/post/only-57-percent-of-nigerian-electricity-customers-are-metered |access-date=2023-07-06 |website=NOIPolls}}</ref> Only 1% of Nigerians surveyed reported having electricity 24 hours a day. 68% have electricity 1 to 9 hours a day, according to the NIO. 66% of Nigerians pay up to 10,000 Naira (US$13) a month for electricity, which is almost 3% of the average income in Nigeria.<ref name=":12" /> 67% of respondents were willing to pay more for uninterrupted electricity supply. 21% own a power generator, 14% of Nigerians use solar energy.<ref name=":12" />

=== Manufacturing and technology ===
{{further|Automotive industry in Nigeria|Pharmaceutical industry in Nigeria}}
[[File:Nigeria EduSat-1.jpg|thumb|[[Nigeria EduSat-1]], the first satellite built by Nigeria by the [[Federal University of Technology Akure]]]]
Nigeria has a manufacturing industry that includes leather and textiles (centred in [[Kano (city)|Kano]], [[Abeokuta]], [[Onitsha]], and Lagos), plastics and processed food. [[Ogun State|Ogun]] is considered to be Nigeria's current industrial hub, as most factories are located in Ogun and more companies are moving there, followed by Lagos.<ref>{{cite news |date=19 June 2013 |title=Industrial hub: Why more companies are moving to Ogun |newspaper=Vanguard Nigeria |url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/06/why-more-companies-are-moving-to-ogun/ |access-date=14 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2013 |title=Ogun State's rising investment profile |url=http://www.mydailynewswatchng.com/2013/05/05/ogun-states-rising-investment-profile/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140314202910/http://www.mydailynewswatchng.com/2013/05/05/ogun-states-rising-investment-profile/ |archive-date=14 March 2014 |access-date=14 March 2014 |publisher=Daily NewsWatch}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=27 November 2012 |title=Ogun State: Nigeria's new Industrial hub |url=http://news2.onlinenigeria.com/news/top-stories/219914-ogun-state-nigeria%E2%80%99s-new-industrial-hub.html |access-date=14 March 2014 |publisher=Online Nigeria News |archive-date=29 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131129151508/http://news2.onlinenigeria.com/news/top-stories/219914-ogun-state-nigeria%E2%80%99s-new-industrial-hub.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The city of [[Aba, Abia|Aba]] in the south-eastern part of the country is well known for handicrafts and shoes, known as "Aba made".<ref name="Naijalitz">{{cite web |title=Nigeria now generates 13,000mw of power, says Minister – Chukwuma |url=https://naijalitz.com/nigeria-now-generates-13000mw-of-power-says-minister/ |access-date=28 October 2020 |publisher=Naijalitz – No 1 Entertainment Portal}}{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Nigeria has a market of 720,000 cars per year, but less than 20% of these are produced domestically.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |title=A new car assembly plant begins operation in Nigeria |url=https://www.ntu.edu.sg/cas/news-events/news/details/a-new-car-assembly-plant-begins-operation-in-nigeria |access-date=2022-05-30 |website=NTU-SBF Centre for African Studies (CAS)}}</ref>

In 2016, Nigeria was the [[Cement production by country|leading cement producer]] south of the Sahara, ahead of South Africa.<ref>{{cite web |last=Yager |first=Thomas R. |date=March 2022 |title=The Mineral Industry of Nigeria |url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/myb/vol3/2017-18/myb3-2017-18-nigeria.pdf |access-date=2022-06-10}}</ref> [[Aliko Dangote]], Nigeria's richest inhabitant, based his wealth on cement production, as well as agricultural commodities.<ref>{{cite web |last=Umoh |first=Ruth |title=Billionaire Aliko Dangote is the world's richest black person—here's how he made his wealth |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/12/05/how-nigerian-aliko-dangote-became-the-worlds-richest-black-person.html |access-date=2023-03-26 |publisher=CNBC |date=5 December 2018}}</ref> According to its own information, the [[Ajaokuta Steel Mill|Ajaokuta Steel Company Limited]] produces 1.3 million tonnes of [[steel]] per year.<ref>{{cite web |title=Products: Ajaokuta Steel Company: ...the Bedrock of Nigeria's Industrialization. |url=https://www.ajaokutasteel.com/site/pagef.php?cnt=Products |access-date=2022-05-26 |website=ajaokutasteel.com |archive-date=25 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625011058/https://www.ajaokutasteel.com/site/pagef.php?cnt=Products |url-status=dead}}</ref> This would be equivalent to one-sixth of the United Kingdom's steel production in 2021.<ref>{{cite web |title=Steel Production by Country 2022 |url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/steel-production-by-country |access-date=2022-05-26 |website=worldpopulationreview.com}}</ref> However, steel plants in [[Katsina]], [[Jos]] and [[Osogbo]] no longer appear to be active.<ref>{{cite web |date=2014-04-28 |title=Nigeria to revive steel rolling mills – Official {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/business/159578-nigeria-revive-steel-rolling-mills-official.html |access-date=2022-05-26 |language=en-GB}}</ref>

In June 2019, [[Nigeria EduSat-1]] was deployed from the [[International Space Station]]. It is the first satellite that was built in Nigeria, which followed [[Nigerian weather and communications satellites|many other Nigerian satellites]] that were built by other countries.{{Efn|[[Nigerian weather and communications satellites|NigeriaSat-1]], [[Nigerian weather and communications satellites|NigeriaSat-2]], [[Nigerian weather and communications satellites|NigeriaSat-X]], [[NigComSat-1]], and [[NigComSat-1]]R}}<ref name=":3">{{cite news |last=Polycarp |first=Nwafor |date=18 May 2017 |title=Nigeria to launch Africa's 1st nanosatellite |work=Vanguard |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/05/nigeria-launch-africas-1st-nanosatellite/ |access-date=17 February 2018}}</ref> In 2021, Nigeria hosts about 60 percent of the pharmaceutical production capacity in Africa,<ref>{{cite web |last=Onyesi |first=Chika |date=2021-10-06 |title='Nigeria's pharmaceutical sector dwindling despite 60 percent production capacity' |url=https://dailypost.ng/2021/10/06/nigerias-pharmaceutical-sector-dwindling-despite-60-percent-production-capacity/ |access-date=2022-06-05 |website=Daily Post Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> the larger pharmaceutical companies are located in [[Lagos]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Yahaya |first=Abdulwali |date=2019-09-19 |title=Top 10 Best Pharmaceutical Companies in Nigeria & Their Products |url=https://nigerianinfopedia.com.ng/registered-pharmaceutical-companies-in-nigeria/ |access-date=2022-06-02 |website=Nigerian Infopedia |language=en-US |archive-date=17 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517172640/https://nigerianinfopedia.com.ng/registered-pharmaceutical-companies-in-nigeria/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> The pharmaceutical producer with the most employees in Nigeria is [[Emzor Pharmaceutical Industries]] Ltd.<ref>{{cite web |title=About Emzor Pharmaceutical Industries Limited |url=https://www.emzorpharma.com/about-emzor/ |access-date=2022-06-02 |website=Emzor |language=en-GB}}</ref> Nigeria has a few electronic manufacturers like [[Zinox]], the first branded Nigerian computer, and manufacturers of electronic gadgets such as tablet PCs.<ref>{{cite web |author=Okonji, Emma |date=24 October 2013 |title=Zinox Introduces Tablet Range of Computers, Plans Commercial Launch |url=http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/zinox-introduces-tablet-range-of-computers-plans-commercial-launch/162517/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131027075729/http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/zinox-introduces-tablet-range-of-computers-plans-commercial-launch/162517 |archive-date=27 October 2013 |access-date=14 March 2014 |work=This Day |publisher=This Day Live}}</ref> As of January 2022, Nigeria is the host to 5 out of the 7 [[Unicorn (company)|unicorn companies]] in Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-26 |title=Nigeria produces five of seven unicorns in Africa |url=https://guardian.ng/technology/nigeria-produces-five-of-seven-unicorns-in-africa/ |access-date=2022-10-17 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Internet and telecommunications ===
{{main|Telecommunications in Nigeria}}
[[File:Wikidata for Libraries and Librarians in Nigeria 69.jpg|thumb|Nigerian librarians editing the [[Wikidata]] database]] Nigerian telecommunications market is one of the fastest-growing in the world, with major emerging market operators (like [[MTN Group|MTN]], [[9mobile]], [[Airtel]] and [[Globacom]]) basing their largest and most profitable centres in the country.<ref>{{cite book |author1=DeRouen, Karl R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tSLeN4U_C6kC&pg=PA546 |title=International Security and the United States: An Encyclopedia |author2=Bellamy, Paul |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-275-99253-8 |page=546 |access-date=26 December 2008 |name-list-style=amp}}</ref> Nigeria's ICT sector has experienced a lot of growth, representing 10% of the nation's GDP in 2018 as compared to just 1% in 2001.<ref>{{cite web |title=The New Economy of Africa |url=https://www.cgdev.org/reader/new-economy-africa-opportunities-nigerias-emerging-technology-sector |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212033405/https://www.cgdev.org/reader/new-economy-africa-opportunities-nigerias-emerging-technology-sector |archive-date=12 February 2020 |access-date=24 January 2020 |website=Center For Global Development}}</ref> Lagos is regarded as one of the largest technology hubs in Africa with its thriving tech ecosystem.<ref>{{cite web |title=Africa's Booming Tech Hubs Are "Backbone of Tech Ecosystem" Having Grown 40% This Year |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/tobyshapshak/2019/07/11/africas-booming-tech-hubs-are-backbone-of-tech-ecosystem-having-grown-40-this-year/#5ed629bf24c2 |access-date=24 January 2020 |website=Forbes}}</ref> According to a survey by the [[GSM Association]], 92% of adult Nigerian men and 88% of women owned a mobile phone.<ref>{{cite web |date=2022-06-26 |title=92% of Nigerian adult males own mobile device, says GSMA |url=https://punchng.com/92-of-nigerian-adult-males-own-mobile-device-says-gsma/ |access-date=2022-08-19 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> Using various measures including but not limited to Illegal arrest, taking down of websites, passport seizures, and restricted access to bank accounts, the [[Telecommunications in Nigeria#Internet censorship and surveillance|Nigerian government is punishing citizens for expressing themselves on the internet]] and working to stifle internet freedom.<ref>{{cite web |last=Paul |first=Emmanuel |date=2019-11-28 |title=Everything you need to know about Nigeria's Social Media Bill and what you can do about it |url=https://techpoint.africa/2019/11/28/nigerias-social-media-bill/ |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=Techpoint Africa |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Tourism ===
{{Main|Tourism in Nigeria}}
[[File:Òwú Waterfalls.jpg|thumb|[[Owu waterfalls]], visited by Nigerian [[Undergraduate education|undergraduates]]]]
Tourism in Nigeria centres largely on events, because of the country's ample amount of ethnic groups, but also includes rain forests, savannah, waterfalls, and other natural attractions.<ref name="suntra2">{{cite news|last=Archibong|first=Maurice|date=18 March 2004|title=Nigeria: Gold mine waiting to be tapped|work=The Sun Online|publisher=The Sun Publishing Ltd.|url=http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/travels/2004/mar/18/travels-mar18-01.htm|url-status=dead|access-date=21 June 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070426214225/http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/travels/2004/mar/18/travels-mar18-01.htm|archive-date=26 April 2007}}</ref>
Abuja is home to several parks and green areas. The largest, [[Millennium Park (Abuja)|Millennium Park]], was designed by architect [[Manfredi Nicoletti]] and officially opened in December 2003. After the re-modernization project achieved by the administration of Governor Raji Babatunde Fashola, Lagos is gradually becoming a major tourist destination. Lagos is currently taking steps to become a [[global city]]. The 2009 Eyo carnival (a yearly festival originating from [[Iperu, Ogun|Iperu Remo]], Ogun State) was a step toward world city status. Currently, Lagos is primarily known as a business-oriented and fast-paced community.<ref name="METRO2">{{cite web|title=Managing Metropolitan Lagos|url=http://www.africaleadership.org/rc/Managing%20Metropolitan%20Lagos.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513124623/http://www.africaleadership.org/rc/Managing%20Metropolitan%20Lagos.pdf|archive-date=13 May 2012|access-date=4 April 2012|publisher=R.Rasaki|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Lagos has become an important location for African and black cultural identity.<ref>{{cite book|first1=Anthony|last1=Appiah|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A0XNvklcqbwC&pg=PA53|title=Encyclopedia of Africa, Volume 2|first2=Henry Louis|last2=Gates|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2010|isbn=978-0-19-533770-9|page=53}}</ref>

Lagos has sandy beaches by the Atlantic Ocean, including [[Elegushi Beach]] and Alpha Beach. Lagos also has many private beach resorts including Inagbe Grand Beach Resort and several others in the outskirts. Lagos has a variety of hotels ranging from three-star to five-star hotels, with a mixture of local hotels such as [[Eko Hotels and Suites]], [[Federal Palace Hotel]] and franchises of multinational chains such as [[InterContinental|Intercontinental Hotel]], [[Sheraton Hotels and Resorts|Sheraton]], and [[Four Points by Sheraton]]. Other places of interest include the [[Tafawa Balewa Square]], Festac town, The [[Nike Art Gallery]], [[Freedom Park (Lagos)|Freedom Park]], and the [[Cathedral Church of Christ, Lagos|Cathedral Church of Christ]].