News

===New World Information and Communication Order===
The global news system is dominated by agencies from Europe and the United States, and reflects their interests and priorities in its coverage.<ref>Oliver Boyd-Barrett, "'Global' News Agencies", in Boyd-Barrett & Rantanen, ''The Globalization of News'' (1998), p. 22.</ref> Euro-American control of the global news system has led to criticism; that events around the world are constantly compared to events like the [[Holocaust]] and World War II, which are considered foundational in the West.<ref name=Zeiler31>Barbie Zeiler, "Cannibalizing Memory in the Global Flow of News"; in ''On Media Memory'' (2011), ed. Neiger, Myers, & Zandberg; pp. 31–34.</ref> Since the 1960s, a significant amount of news reporting from the Third World has been characterized by some form "development journalism", a paradigm which focuses on long-term development projects, social change, and nation-building.<ref>Fosu, "The Press and Political Participation" (2014), pp. 67–73.</ref> When in 1987 the U.S. media reported on a riot in the Dominican Republic—the first major news item regarding that country in years—the resulting decline in tourism lasted for years and had a noticeable effect on the economy.<ref>Straubhaar and LaRose, ''Communications Media in the Information Society'' (1997), pp. 124–125.</ref> The English language predominates in global news exchanges.<ref>Hachten, ''World News Prism'' (1996), pp. 100–102.</ref> Critics have accused the global news system of perpetuating [[cultural imperialism]].<ref name=Tomlinson>John Tomlinson, "Cultural Globalization and Cultural Imperialism", in Mohammadi (ed.), ''International Communication and Globalization'' (1997).</ref><ref name=SilverblattZlobin28 /><ref>McNair, ''Cultural Chaos'' (2006), pp. 105–108.</ref> Critics further charge that the Western media conglomerates maintain a bias towards the status quo economic order, especially a pro-corporate bias.<ref name=SilverblattZlobin28 />

The [[United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization]] (UNESCO) has promoted a [[New World Information and Communication Order]], which envisions an international news exchange system involving national news agencies in every country. UNESCO encouraged the new states formed from colonial territories in the 1960s to establish news agencies, to generate domestic news stories, exchange news items with international partners, and disseminate both types of news internally.<ref>Boyd-Barrett & Rantanen, ''The Globalization of News'' (1998), p. 8-10. "The UN, through UNESCO, consistently endeavored to encourage the spread and development of national news agencies, and of news-exchange arrangements between them, especially during the great wave of independence in Africa during the 1960s. Setting up a national news agency became one of the essential things, part of the 'script', of what it meant to be a 'nation'. Through a national news agency, a state could lay down information links domestically and internationally which would facilitate the generation and exchange of news."</ref> Along these lines, the 1980 [[MacBride report]], "Many Voices, One World", called for an interdependent global news system with more participation from different governments. To this end, also, UNESCO formed the [[Non-Aligned News Agencies Pool]].<ref>Chakravartty and Sarikakis, ''Media Policy and Globalization'' (2006), p. 31.</ref>

The [[Inter Press Service]], founded in 1964, has served as an intermediary for Third World press agencies.<ref>C. Anthony Giffard, "Alternative News Agencies", in Boyd-Barrett & Rantanen, ''The Globalization of News'' (1998), p. 191.</ref> Inter Press Service's editorial policy favors coverage of events, institutions, and issues which relate to inequality, [[economic development]], [[economic integration]], natural resources, population, health, education, and [[sustainable development]].<ref name=Giffard194>C. Anthony Giffard, "Alternative News Agencies", in Boyd-Barrett & Rantanen, ''The Globalization of News'' (1998), pp. 192–194.</ref> It gives less coverage than other agencies to crime, disasters, and violence. Geographically, 70% of its news reporting concerns Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean.<ref>C. Anthony Giffard, "Alternative News Agencies", in Boyd-Barrett & Rantanen, ''The Globalization of News'' (1998), pp. 195–196.</ref> IPS has the most subscribers in Latin America and southern Africa.<ref name=Giffard194 /> IPS receives grants from organizations such as the [[United Nations Development Program]] and other United Nations agencies and private foundations to report news on chosen topics, including the environment, sustainable development, and women's issues.<ref>C. Anthony Giffard, "Alternative News Agencies", in Boyd-Barrett & Rantanen, ''The Globalization of News'' (1998), pp. 196–197.</ref>

Beginning in the 1960s, the [[United States Agency for International Development]], the [[National Aeronautics and Space Administration]], and UNESCO developed the use of satellite television for international broadcasting. In India, 1975–1976, these agencies implemented an experimental satellite television system, called the [[Satellite Instructional Television Experiment]], with assistance from the [[Indian Space Research Organisation]], and [[All India Radio]].<ref>Chakravartty and Sarikakis, ''Media Policy and Globalization'' (2006), p. 29.</ref>