Immortality

====Christianity====
{{main|Eternal life (Christianity)|Christian conditionalism|Christian mortalism|Universal resurrection}}
[[File:Holbein Danse Macabre 3.jpg|thumb|Adam and Eve condemned to mortality. [[Hans Holbein the Younger]], ''Danse Macabre'', 16th century]]

[[Christianity|Christian theology]] holds that [[Adam and Eve]] lost physical immortality for themselves and all their descendants through [[Fall of man|the Fall]], although this initial "imperishability of the bodily frame of man" was "a preternatural condition".<ref name="Syntopicon I 784">{{cite book |title=The Great Ideas: A Syntopicon of Great Books of the Western World |author=Adler, Mortimer J., ed. |author-link=Mortimer Adler |display-authors=etal |date=1952 |page=784 |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica |location=Chicago|title-link=Syntopicon }}</ref>

Christians who profess the [[Nicene Creed]] believe that every dead person (whether they believed in Christ or not) will be resurrected from the dead at the [[Second Coming]]; this belief is known as [[universal resurrection]].{{sfn|Perkins|1984|pp=17–18}} [[Paul the Apostle]], in following his past life as a [[Pharisees|Pharisee]] (a Jewish social movement that held to a future physical resurrection<ref>{{Bibleref|Acts|23:6–8|ESV}}</ref>), proclaims an amalgamated view of resurrected believers where both the physical and the spiritual are rebuilt in the likeness of post-resurrection Christ, who "will transform our lowly body to be like his glorious body" (ESV).<ref>{{Bibleref|Philippians|3:20–21|ESV}}</ref> This thought mirrors Paul's depiction of believers having been "buried therefore with him [that is, Christ] by baptism into death" (ESV).<ref>{{Bibleref|Romans|6:4|ESV}}</ref>

[[N.T. Wright]], a theologian and former [[Bishop of Durham]], has said many people forget the physical aspect of what Jesus promised. He told [[Time (magazine)|Time]]: "Jesus' resurrection marks the beginning of a restoration that he will complete upon [[Second Coming of Christ|his return]]. Part of this will be the [[Universal resurrection|resurrection of all the dead]], who will 'awake', be embodied and participate in the renewal. Wright says [[John Polkinghorne]], a physicist and a priest, has put it this way: 'God will download our software onto his hardware until the time he gives us new hardware to run the software again for ourselves.' That gets to two things nicely: that the period after death (the [[Intermediate state (Christianity)|Intermediate state]]) is a period when we are in God's presence but not active in our own bodies, and also that the more important transformation will be when we are again embodied and administering [[World to Come|Christ's kingdom]]."<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1710844,00.html|magazine=Time |title=Christians Wrong About Heaven, Says Bishop |date=7 February 2008 |access-date=5 May 2010 |first=David |last=Van Biema|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080209101034/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1710844,00.html |archive-date=9 February 2008 }}</ref> This kingdom will consist of [[World to Come|Heaven and Earth "joined together in a new creation"]], he said.

Christian apocrypha include immortal human figures such as [[Cartaphilus]]<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Wendover|first1=Roger of|title=Roger of Wendover's Flowers of history, Comprising the history of England from the descent of the Saxons to A.D. 1235; formerly ascribed to Matthew Paris.|series=Bohn's antiquarian library|date=1849|publisher=London|hdl=2027/yale.39002013002903}}</ref> who were cursed with physical immortality for various transgressions against Christ during the Passion. The medieval [[Waldensians]] believed in the immortality of the soul.<ref name="Taylor & Francis 2021 p. 5-PA48">{{cite book | title=Routledge Library Editions: Sociology of Religion | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2021 | isbn=978-0-429-65793-1 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TMeEEAAAQBAJ&pg=RA5-PA48 | access-date=2023-05-04 | page=5-PA48}}</ref> Leaders of sects such as [[John Asgill]] and [[John Wroe]] taught followers that physical immortality was possible.<ref name="Coleridge Coburn Winer 2019 p. 233">{{cite book | last1=Coleridge | first1=S.T. | last2=Coburn | first2=K. | last3=Winer | first3=B. | title=The Collected Works of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Volume 14: Table Talk, Part I | publisher=Princeton University Press | series=Bollingen Series | year=2019 | isbn=978-0-691-20069-9 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yCCmDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA233 | access-date=2023-01-23 | page=233}}</ref><ref name="Newport Gribben 2006 p. 222">{{cite book | last1=Newport | first1=K.G.C. | last2=Gribben | first2=C. | title=Expecting the End: Millennialism in Social and Historical Context | publisher=Baylor University Press | series=Millennium (Eschatology) | year=2006 | isbn=978-1-932792-38-6 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h3lsZkm6qxcC&pg=PA222 | access-date=2023-01-23 | page=222}}</ref>

Many Patristic writers have connected the immortal rational soul to the image of God found in Genesis 1:26. Among them is Athanasius of Alexandria and Clement of Alexandria, who say that the immortal rational soul itself is the image of God.<ref name=":0">Zakhary, Beniamin (2023). "Imago Dei in Early Christian Anaphoras". ''Studia Liturgica''. '''53''' (1): 24–36. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]: [[doi:10.1177/00393207221144062|10.1177/00393207221144062]] [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0039-3207.</ref> Even Early Christian Liturgies exhibit this connection between the immortal rational soul and the creation of humanity in the image of God.<ref name=":0" />