Eschatology

===Islam===
{{Main|Islamic eschatology}}
{{Further|Akhirah|Resurrection in Islam}}
{{Islamic eschatology}}
[[File:Ibn arabi judgement day.svg|alt=|thumb|upright=1.2|Diagram of "Plain of Assembly" (''Ard al-Hashr)'' on the Day of Judgment, from an autograph manuscript of ''Futuhat al-Makkiyya'' by [[Sufism|Sufi mystic]] and [[Islamic philosophy|Muslim philosopher]] [[Ibn Arabi]], {{Circa|1238}}. Shown are the 'Arsh ([[Throne of God]]), pulpits for the righteous (al-Aminun), seven rows of [[angel]]s, [[Gabriel]] (al-Ruh), A'raf (the Barrier), the [[Pond of Abundance]], al-Maqam al-Mahmud (the Praiseworthy Station; where the Islamic prophet [[Muhammad]] will stand to intercede for the faithful), Mizan (the Scale), [[As-Sirāt]] (the Bridge), [[Jahannam]] (Hell), and [[Jannah|Marj al-Jannat]] (Meadow of Paradise).<ref>Begley, Wayne E. The Garden of the Taj Mahal: A Case Study of Mughal Architectural Planning and Symbolism, in: Wescoat, James L.; Wolschke-Bulmahn, Joachim (1996). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=96ec98LieGsC Mughal Gardens: Sources, Places, Representations, and Prospects]'' Dumbarton Oaks, Washington D.C., {{ISBN|0884022358}}. pp. 229–231.</ref>]]

[[Muslims]] believe there are three periods before the [[Yawmuddin|Day of Judgment]] with some debate as to whether the periods could overlap.<ref name="Mahdi2">{{cite book|title=Clarity Amidst Confusion: Imam Mahdi and the End of Time|last=Yahya|first=Harun|date=1 January 2008|publisher=Global Publishing. Kindle Edition|pages=64}}</ref><ref name="Joel">{{cite book|last = Richardson | first = Joel| title = Antichrist: Islam's Awaited Messiah| publisher = Pleasant Word-A Division of WinePress Publishing | date = 7 April 2006| pages = 284 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=_lyXZu3d3OcC&q=islamic+eschatology&pg=PA37| isbn = 9781414104409}}</ref><ref name="Hooper">{{cite book | last = Hooper | first = Rev. Richard | title = End of Days: Predictions of the End From Ancient Sources | date = 20 April 2011 | location = Sedona, AZ | pages = 156 | url = https://www.amazon.gom/dp/B004XJ6W0G }}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

====Sunni====
Sunnis believe the dead will then stand in a grand assembly, awaiting a scroll detailing their righteous deeds, sinful acts and ultimate judgment.<ref group="note">{{qref|74|38|b=y}}</ref><ref name="muhammad59">{{cite journal|last=Muhammad|first=S. Umar|title=Muslims' Eschatological Discourses on Colonialism in Northern Nigeria|journal=Journal of the American Academy of Religion|volume=67|issue=1|year=1999|publisher=Oxford University Press|pages=59–84|jstor=1466033|doi=10.1093/jaarel/67.1.59}}</ref> Muhammad will be the first to be resurrected.<ref>Esposito, John (2003). The Oxford Dictionary of Islam. Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|0-19-512558-4}}, p.264</ref> Punishments will include ''adhab'', or severe pain and embarrassment, and ''khizy'' or shame.<ref name="WimEoQ">"Reward and Punishment", ''Encyclopedia of the Qur'an''(2005)</ref> There will also be a punishment of the grave between death and the resurrection.<ref>Leor Halevi, https://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/04/opinion/04iht-edhalevi.1.5565834.html</ref> Several Sunni scholars explain some of the signs metaphorically.
[[File:End times.svg|thumb|Main Stream Sunni Version]]
[[File:End Times Events.svg|thumb|Mainstream Islam Timeline]]
The signs of the coming end time are divided into [[Islamic eschatology#Major and minor signs|major and minor signs]]:
Following the second period, the third is said to be marked by the ten major signs known as ''alamatu's-sa'ah al- kubra'' (The major signs of the end).<ref group="note">Sahih Muslim, Book 41, Hadith 6931</ref> They are as follows:

# A huge black cloud of smoke (dukhan) will cover the earth.<ref group="note" name="auto">Sahih Muslim</ref>
# Three sinkings of the earth, one in the East.<ref group="note" name="auto"/>
# One sinking of the earth in the West.<ref group="note" name="auto"/>
# One sinking of the earth in Arabia.<ref group="note" name="auto"/>
# The false messiah—anti-Christ, [[Masih ad-Dajjal]]—shall appear with great powers as a one-eyed man with his right eye blind and deformed like a grape. Although believers will not be deceived, he will claim to be God, to hold the keys to heaven and hell, and will lead many astray.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hd5vHqdvp5kC&q=signs+of+day+of+judgment+islam&pg=PT194|title=The Everything Understanding Islam Book: A complete guide to Muslim beliefs, practices, and culture|author=Christine Huda Dodge|page=182|isbn=9781605507248|date=18 April 2009|publisher=F+W Media }}{{Dead link|date=February 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> In reality, his heaven is hell, and his hell is heaven. The Dajjal will be followed by seventy thousand Jews of Isfahan wearing Persian shawls.<ref group="note">Muslim, Book 41, Hadith 7034</ref>
# The [[Second coming|return]] of [[Jesus in Islam|Isa]] (Jesus), from the fourth sky, to kill Dajjal.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2wSVQI3Ya2EC&q=signs+of+day+of+judgment+islam&pg=PA28|title=What Everyone Needs To Know About Islam|author=John L. Esposito|page=28|isbn=9780199794133|date=13 July 2011|publisher=Oxford University Press, USA }}</ref>
# [[Gog and Magog|''Ya'jooj'' and ''Ma'jooj'']] ([[Gog and Magog]]), a Japhetic tribe of vicious beings who had been imprisoned by [[Dhul-Qarnayn]], will break out. They will ravage the earth, drink all the water of [[Lake Tiberias]], and kill all believers in their way. Isa, [[Muhammad al-Mahdi|Imam Al-Mahdi]], and the believers with them will go to the top of a mountain and pray for the destruction of Gog and Magog. God eventually will send disease and worms to wipe them out.<ref group="note">{{qref|21|96|b=y}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sZr56ZACj7oC&q=signs+of+day+of+judgment+islam&pg=PA46|title=Islam: A Concise Introduction|author=Javed Ahmad Ghamidi|page=46|year=2009}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
# The sun will rise from the West.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.islamweb.net/media/index.php?page=article&lang=A&id=17726|language=ar|script-title=ar:طلوع الشمس من مغربها|trans-title=Rising of the sun from the west}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WGFbR-qgxeIC&q=signs+of+day+of+judgment+islam&pg=PR16|title=Examining Islam in the West|author=Alwi Shihab|page=16|isbn=9789792267716|year=2011|publisher=Gramedia Pustaka Utama }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://waseelah.me/280/1-%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%b9%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%89/|language=ar|script-title=ar:طلوع الشمس من مغربها|trans-title=Rising of the sun from the west|date=26 March 2018 }}</ref>
# The ''[[Beast of the Earth|Dabbat al-ard]]'', or [[Beast of the Earth]], will come out of the ground to talk to people.<ref group="note">{{qref|27|82|b=y}}</ref>
# The second blow of the trumpet will be sounded, the dead will return to life, and a fire will come out of [[Yemen]] that shall gather all to Mahshar Al Qiy'amah (The Gathering for Judgment).<ref name="Mahdi22">{{cite book|title=Clarity Amidst Confusion: Imam Mahdi and the End of Time|last=Yahya|first=Harun|date=1 January 2008|publisher=Global Publishing. Kindle Edition.|page=64}}</ref>

====Shia====
Many of the signs shown above are shared by both Sunni and Shia beliefs, with some exceptions, e.g. [[Muhammad al-Mahdi|Imam Al-Mahdi]] defeating [[Al-Masih ad-Dajjal]].

Concepts and terminology in [[Islamic eschatology#Shia eschatology|Shia eschatology]] include [[Mi'ad]], the [[Occultation (Islam)|Occultation]], [[Al-Yamani (Shiism)|Al-Yamani]], and [[Sufyani]]. In [[Twelver|Twelver Shia]] [[hadith|narrations]] about the last days, the literature largely revolves around [[Muhammad al-Mahdi]], who is considered by many beliefs to be the true twelfth appointed successor to Muhammad. Muhammad al-Mahdi will help mankind against the deception by the ''Dajjal'' who will try to get people in to a new world religion which is called "the great deception".<ref>The Wrath of Yeshua – Page xxxv, Leo Paul Giampietro – 2008</ref>{{request quotation|date=August 2020}}

====Ahmadiyya====
{{Ahmadiyya|Distinct views}}
[[Ahmadiyya]] is considered distinct from mainstream Islam. In its writing, the present age has been witness to the evil of man and wrath of God, with war and natural disaster.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://aaiil.org/text/books/others/mirzamasumbeg/propheciespromisedmessiah/propheciespromisedmessiah.pdf |title = Prophecies of the Promised Messiah -- www.aaiil.org |access-date = 27 March 2010 |archive-date = 26 May 2011 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110526074004/http://aaiil.org/text/books/others/mirzamasumbeg/propheciespromisedmessiah/propheciespromisedmessiah.pdf |url-status = dead }}</ref> [[Mirza Ghulam Ahmad|Ghulam Ahmad]] is seen as the [[Second coming|promised Messiah]] and the [[Mahdi]], fulfilling Islamic and Biblical prophecies, as well as scriptures of other religions such as Hinduism. His teaching will establish spiritual reform and establish an age of peace. This will continue for a thousand years, and will unify mankind under one faith.<ref>''The Review of Religions'', January 2009, Vol.104, issue 1. pp. 18–22</ref>

Ahmadis believe that despite harsh and strong opposition and discrimination they will eventually be triumphant and their message vindicated both by Muslims and non-Muslims alike. Ahmadis also incorporate the eschatological views from other religions into their doctrine and believe Mirza Ghulam Ahmed falls into this sequence.<ref>HFaith and Philosophy of Islam – Page 180, Shamim Akhter – 2009</ref>