Restorationism

==20th-century and contemporary groups==

===Oneness Pentecostalism===
{{Main|Oneness Pentecostalism}}
Pentecostalism began primarily as a restoration movement that focused on the "experiential" aspect of the early church.<ref>Edith Waldvogel Blumhofer, ''Restoring the Faith: The Assemblies of God, Pentecostalism, and American Culture'', University of Illinois Press, US, 1993, p. 13</ref> The early pioneers of the Pentecostal movement sought to restore the work and power of the Holy Spirit to the church, which they felt had been lost early on after the Apostolic Age. [[Oneness Pentecostalism|Oneness Pentecostals]], in particular, continue to have a lot of restorationist themes present in their movement. Many Oneness Pentecostals see their movement as being a restoration of the Apostolic Church, which is why many of them refer to themselves as "apostolic" or to their movement as the "Apostolic Pentecostal" movement.

====British New Church Movement====
{{Main|British New Church Movement}}
{{Unreferenced section|date=October 2009}}
During the charismatic movement of the 1960s and 1970s, which focused on the transformation of the individual, some leaders formed what has become known as the Charismatic Restorationist Movement. These leaders, of whom [[Arthur Wallis (Bible teacher)|Arthur Wallis]], David Lillie and Cecil Cousen were at the forefront, focused on the nature of the church and shared a distinctive view that authentic church order was being restored to the whole church. This authentic church order centred on what is referred to as the "fivefold ministries", as listed in Ephesians 4:11: Apostles, Prophets, Evangelists, Teachers and Pastors. Although the Charismatic Movement brought the Pentecostal gifts to the denominational churches, these restorationists considered denominationalism unbiblical, and shared a conviction that God would cause the church to be directly organized and empowered by the holy spirit. The movement has thousands of adherents worldwide, and notable church networks include [[Newfrontiers]] led by [[Terry Virgo]], [[Salt and Light Ministries International]] led by [[Barney Coombs]] and [[Ichthus Christian Fellowship]] led by Faith and [[Roger T. Forster|Roger Forster]].

====Shepherding movement====
{{Main|Shepherding movement}}
{{Unreferenced section|date=October 2009}}
The British leaders of charismatic restorationism mutually recognised a parallel movement in the United States, centered on the Fort Lauderdale Five; [[Derek Prince]], [[Don Basham]], Bob Mumford, Charles Simpson and Ern Baxter. This movement became known as the Shepherding movement and was the subject of significant controversy in the mid-1970s. The movement left a significant legacy through its influence on contemporary ministries [[International Churches of Christ]], [[Maranatha Campus Ministries]] and [[Great Commission International]].

====Apostolic-Prophetic Movement====
{{Main|Apostolic-Prophetic Movement}}
{{Unreferenced section|date=October 2009}}
More recently another form of charismatic restorationism with a similar recognition of the [[apostle|apostolic]] office has emerged in the form of the Apostolic-Prophetic Movement, centered on the [[Kansas City Prophets]]. Leading proponents of the movement include [[C. Peter Wagner]], [[Rick Joyner]], [[Mike Bickle (minister)|Mike Bickle]] and [[Lou Engle]].

===Church of God (Restoration)===
{{Main|Church of God (Restoration)}}
The Church of God (Restoration) is a Christian denomination that was founded in the 1980s by Daniel (Danny) Layne.<ref>[http://www.churchofgod.net/media/messages Zion's Voice<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100716102721/http://www.churchofgod.net/media/messages |date=2010-07-16 }}</ref> In a booklet written by Layne in the early 1980s, he claimed to be an ex-heroin addict who spent years dealing drugs and living a life of crime and sin on the streets of San Francisco. Layne was originally raised in the [[Church of God (Anderson)]], where his father was a minister. Layne began preaching in the [[Church of God (Guthrie, OK)]] after his conversion.

One tenet of this group is that they are ordained by both prophecy and divine command to restore the church of God as it was in the [[Acts of the Apostles|Book of Acts]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://webnet77.com/cgi-bin/bible/bible.cgi|title=Advanced Bible Search}}</ref> Most of Daniel Layne's beliefs concerning the [[book of Revelation]] originated from some ministers who had left the Church of God (Anderson) reformation movement thirty or so years earlier. This teaching is upheld by the official [[eschatology]], which is a form of church [[historicism]]. This Church of God (Restoration)<ref name=cog>{{cite web|url=http://www.churchofgod.net/|title=The Church of God : Official WebsiteHome - The Church of God : Official Website|work=The Church of God : Official Website}}</ref> teaches that the 7th Trumpet in the book of the Revelation began to sound around the year 1980 when Daniel Layne was saved, alleging that there was a general discontent among many of its current adherents that were in various Churches of God at that time. A variation of this "[[Seven seals|Seventh Seal]] message"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dswarnerlibrary.com/Worshipping%20Christ%20Original.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070422141907/http://www.dswarnerlibrary.com/Worshipping%20Christ%20Original.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=2007-04-22|title=Worshipping Christ}}</ref> had been taught in other Churches of God for approximately 50 years prior to this point.

===Iglesia ni Cristo===
{{Main|Iglesia ni Cristo}}
''Iglesia ni Cristo'' began in the [[Philippines]] and was incorporated by [[Felix Y. Manalo]] on July 27, 1914.<ref name="Sanders">{{cite book|author-last=Sanders |author-first=Albert J. |chapter=An Appraisal of the Iglesia ni Cristo |title=Studies in Philippine Church History |editor-last=Anderson |editor-first=Gerald H. |publisher=Cornell University Press |date=1969}}</ref><ref name="Tipon">{{cite news |author-last=Tipon |author-first=Emmanuel |date=28 July 2004 |url=http://philippinenews.com/news/view_article.html?article_id=586e5943f3ab9a2049e883c382ca1842 |title=Iglesia Ni Cristo celebrates 90th anniversary |work=PhilippineNews.com |access-date=19 August 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013143118/http://philippinenews.com/news/view_article.html?article_id=586e5943f3ab9a2049e883c382ca1842 |archive-date=13 October 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The church professes to be the reestablishment of the original church founded by Jesus Christ and teaches that the original church was [[Apostasy#Christianity|apostatized]]. It does not teach the doctrine of the Trinity or the divinity of Jesus.<ref name="Shepherd">{{cite news|author-last=Shepherd |author-first = Harvey |title=Millions mark Church of Christ's 80th anniversary; Founded in the Philippines by Brother Manalo |pages=H.7 |publisher=[[The Gazette (Montreal)]] |date=30 July 1994 |id={{ProQuest|432675014}}}} (as cited by [[ProQuest]])</ref> ''Iglesia ni Cristo'' does not subscribe to the term ''Restoration'' or claim to be a part of the ''Restoration Movement''.{{citation needed|date=July 2016}}

=== La Luz del Mundo ===
{{Main|La Luz del Mundo}}
''La Luz del Mundo'' (full name: ''Iglesia del Dios Vivo, Columna y Apoyo de la Verdad, La Luz del Mundo'') was founded in [[Mexico]] on 6 April 1926 by Eusebio Joaquín González (14 August 1896 – 9 June 1964), who claimed that God called him to be an [[apostle]] of Jesus Christ and renamed him Aarón. Joaquín claimed that he was commissioned to restore the primitive Christian church of the first century CE. The church, headquartered in [[Guadalajara]], Mexico, asserts that all other forms of Christianity are corruptions that arose after the last of the original apostles died, and rejects traditional Christian doctrines such as [[trinitarianism]], [[original sin]], [[veneration of saints]], and the [[divinity of Jesus]]. It continues to claim that it is the restoration of primitive Christianity and that its leaders, including Aarón Joaquín, his son, [[Samuel Joaquín Flores]] (14 February 1937 – 8 December 2014), and his grandson, [[Naasón Joaquín García]] (born 7 May 1969), who is the church's international director, are apostles responsible for the restoration, without whom it would be impossible for people to truly believe in Jesus and be saved.

=== Apostolic Catholic Church (Philippines) ===
{{Main|Apostolic Catholic Church (Philippines)}}
The Apostolic Catholic Church started as a mainstream [[Catholic lay organization]] that was founded in Hermosa Bataan in the early 1970s by Maria Virginia P. Leonzon Vda. De Teruel.<ref name="Our Member Churches">{{Cite web |title=Our Member Churches |url=https://nccphilippines.org/about-us/our-member-churches/ |access-date=2022-10-04 |language=en-US}}</ref> In 1991, the organisation and the [[Roman Catholic Church]] had a [[schism]]; due to varying issues, it formally separated itself from the Roman Catholic Church, when [[John Florentine Teruel]] was consecrated as a patriarch and registered the church as a [[Protestant]] and [[Independent Catholic]] denomination.<ref name="Our Member Churches" /> The Church describes itself as a Conservative Church which aims to bring back Ancient Catholic Church traditions removed by previous councils and Popes.

===Local churches===
[[File:WatchmanNee.jpg|150px|thumb|right|Watchman Nee]]
{{Main|Local churches (affiliation)}}
The [[Local churches (affiliation)|local churches]] are a Christian movement influenced by the teachings of [[J.N. Darby]], [[Watchman Nee]] and [[Witness Lee]] and associated with the [[Living Stream Ministry]] publishing house. Its members see themselves as separate from other Christian groups, denominations, and movements, part of what they sometimes call "[[The Lord's Recovery]]". One of the defining features of the local churches is their adherence to the principle that all Christians in a city or locality are automatically members of the one church in that locality. Another defining feature is the lack of an official organization or official name for the movement. Those in the local churches believe that to take a name would divide them from other believers. Thus, they often say they meet with "the church in [city name]" with the understanding that they are not the only church but belong to the same church as every believer in their city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://localchurches.org/beliefs/faq.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071214105103/http://www.localchurches.org/beliefs/faq.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2007-12-14|title=Local Churches Beliefs}}</ref>

===Jesuism===
{{Main|Jesuism}}
Jesuism is the personal [[philosophy]] encompassing the teachings of [[Jesus|Jesus of Nazareth]] and commitment or adherence to [[Sayings of Jesus|those teachings]].<ref>Bouck White. ''The Call of the Carpenter''. US: Doubleday, Page & Company, 1911. p.314.</ref> Jesuism is distinct from and sometimes opposed to mainstream [[Christianity]], the organized religion based on the [[Christian Bible]].<ref>Owen J. Flanagan. ''The Really Hard Problem: Meaning in a Material World''. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2007. p.36</ref> In particular, Jesuism is distinguished from the writings attributed to the [[Paul the Apostle|Apostle Paul]] and from [[Canon law|modern Church doctrine]].<ref>[[Edgar Dewitt Jones]]. ''[https://www.scribd.com/doc/6360262/Paul-the-Stranger-by-Edgar-Jones-Baptist-priest- Paul the Stranger.]'' Abilene: Voice of Jesus, 2003 (online transcription).</ref><ref>Douglas J. Del Tondo. ''[http://www.jesuswordsonly.com/JWO/freechaptersonline.html Jesus' Words Only].'' San Diego: Infinity Publishing, 2006. p.19</ref> Jesuism is not necessarily critical of the Christian Bible or Church doctrine, but rather it does not affirm their authority over the teachings of Jesus. As a philosophy, Jesuism is characterized as [[Naturalism (philosophy)|naturalistic]] and [[Rationalism|rationalist]], rejecting the conflict between [[faith]] and [[science]].<ref>Owen J. Flanagan. ''The Really Hard Problem: Meaning in a Material World''. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2007. p.263</ref>

===World Mission Society Church Of God===
{{Main|World Mission Society Church of God}}
World Mission Society Church of God is a non-denominational Christian movement founded by [[Ahn Sahng-Hong]] in 1964. The church claims to be a restoration of the original Church of God and has teachings differing from other Christian denominations. After Ahn Sahng-hong died in February 1985, a group of people in Church of God Jesus Witnesses including the man Kim Joo-cheol and the woman [[Zahng Gil-jah]] wanted to re-introduce the concept of a "spiritual mother", and on 22 March 1985 moved from Busan to Seoul. On a meeting in Seoul on 2 June 1985, they discussed how to call Zahng Gil-jah, and established a church called Witnesses of Ahn Sahng-hong Church of God which is led by Kim Joo-cheol and Zahng Gil-jah. Two major new doctrines were codified:

Ahn Sahng-hong should be regarded as Jesus Christ who had already come, should be titled Christ Ahn Sahng-hong, and pursuant to a traditional trinitarian view of Christian hypostasis Ahn was consequently also The Holy Spirit, God the Father, and thus God.
Zahng Gil-jah should be regarded as God the Mother, a female image of God, be titled Heavenly Mother, or simply Mother, and together with Ahn Sahng-hong be regarded as God.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://watv.org/church-intro/|title=About Us}}</ref>