Renaissance

===Renaissance in the Low Countries===
{{main|Renaissance in the Netherlands|Dutch and Flemish Renaissance painting}}
[[File:Holbein-erasmus.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Erasmus of Rotterdam]] in 1523, as depicted by [[Hans Holbein the Younger]]]]

Culture in the Netherlands at the end of the 15th century was influenced by the Italian Renaissance through trade via [[Bruges]], which made Flanders wealthy. Its nobles commissioned artists who became known across Europe.<ref name="Heughebaert">{{cite book | last=Heughebaert | first=H. |author2=Defoort, A. |author3=Van Der Donck, R. | year=1998 | title=Artistieke opvoeding | publisher=Den Gulden Engel bvba. | location=Wommelgem, Belgium | isbn=978-9050352222}}</ref> In science, the [[Anatomy|anatomist]] [[Andreas Vesalius]] led the way; in [[cartography]], [[Gerardus Mercator]]'s map assisted explorers and navigators. In art, [[Dutch and Flemish Renaissance painting]] ranged from the strange work of [[Hieronymus Bosch]]<ref name="Janson">{{cite book | last = Janson | first = H.W. |author2=Janson, Anthony F.  | year = 1997 | title = History of Art | edition = 5th, rev. | publisher = [[Harry N. Abrams, Inc.]] | location = New York | url = http://www.abramsbooks.com | isbn = 978-0810934429}}</ref> to the everyday life depictions of [[Pieter Brueghel the Elder]].<ref name="Heughebaert"/>

Erasmus was arguably the [[Netherlands]]' best known humanist and Catholic intellectual during the Renaissance.<ref name=":02" />
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