Protestantism

===Adventism===
{{Main|Adventism}}
Adventism began in the 19th century in the context of the [[Second Great Awakening]] revival in the [[United States]]. The name refers to belief in the imminent [[Second Coming of Christ|Second Coming (or "Second Advent") of Jesus Christ]]. [[William Miller (preacher)|William Miller]] started the Adventist movement in the 1830s. His followers became known as [[Millerism|Millerites]].<ref name="Bergman">{{cite book |surname=Bergman |given=Jerry |year=1995 |chapter=The Adventist and Jehovah's Witness Branch of Protestantism |editor-surname=Miller |editor-given=Timothy |editor-link=Timothy Miller |title=America's Alternative Religions |publisher=SUNY Press |place=Albany, NY |pages=33–46 |isbn=978-0-7914-2397-4 |chapter-url={{Google books|id=og_u0Re1uwUC|plainurl=y|page=33|keywords=|text=}} |url={{Google books|id=og_u0Re1uwUC|plainurl=y}} |url-status=live |archive-date=2020-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724210513/https://books.google.com/books?id=og_u0Re1uwUC}}</ref>

Although the Adventist churches hold much in common, their [[Christian theology|theologies]] differ on whether the [[Intermediate state (Christianity)|intermediate state]] is [[Soul sleep|unconscious sleep]] or consciousness, whether the ultimate punishment of the wicked is [[annihilationism|annihilation]] or eternal torment, the nature of immortality, whether or not the wicked are resurrected after the millennium, and whether the sanctuary of Daniel 8<ref>{{bibleverse ||Daniel|8|NKJV}}</ref> refers to the one in [[heavenly sanctuary|heaven]] or one on earth.<ref name="Handbook">{{Citation | section = Adventist and Sabbatarian (Hebraic) Churches | pages = 256–276 | first1 = Frank S | last1 = Mead | first2 = Samuel S | last2 = Hill | first3 = Craig D | last3 = Atwood | title = Handbook of Denominations in the United States | edition = 12th | place = Nashville | publisher = Abingdon Press}}</ref> The movement has encouraged the examination of the whole [[Bible]], leading Seventh-day Adventists and some smaller Adventist groups to observe the [[Sabbath in Seventh-day Adventism|Sabbath]]. The [[General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists]] has compiled that church's core beliefs in [[the 28 Fundamental Beliefs]] (1980 and 2005), which use Biblical references as justification.

In 2010, Adventism claimed some 22&nbsp;million believers scattered in various independent churches.<ref name="Christianity report">{{cite web|url=http://www.pewforum.org/files/2011/12/Christianity-fullreport-web.pdf|title=Christianity report|access-date=2 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101114257/http://www.pewforum.org/files/2011/12/Christianity-fullreport-web.pdf|archive-date=1 November 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> The largest church within the movement—the [[Seventh-day Adventist Church]]—has more than 18&nbsp;million members.
<gallery>
File:James and Ellen White.jpg|[[James Springer White]] and his wife, [[Ellen G. White]] founded the [[Seventh-day Adventist Church]].
File:Mozambique baptism1.JPG|An [[Adventism|Adventist]] pastor baptizes a young man in [[Mozambique]]
File:Loma Linda University Church 01.jpg|[[Loma Linda University]], a Seventh-day Adventist Church in [[Loma Linda, California|Loma Linda, California, United States]]
</gallery>