Johannesburg Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! ==Culture== Johannesburg is a cultural hub in South Africa<ref name="JoburgCulture1">{{cite web |url=http://www.joburg.org.za/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1690&Itemid=49 |title=city of Johannesburg β Arts, culture and heritage |access-date=25 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150525231039/http://www.joburg.org.za/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1690&Itemid=49 |archive-date=25 May 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and has a wide variety of cultural venues, making it a prominent area for many creative and cultural industries.<ref name = "JoburgCulture1"/> Johannesburg is home to the National School of Arts, The University of Witwatersrand's School of the Arts and the South African Ballet Theatre,<ref name = "JoburgCulture1"/><ref name = "NSA">{{cite web |url=http://www.artschool.co.za/ |title=National School of the Arts |access-date=25 May 2015 |archive-date=22 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150522195259/http://www.artschool.co.za/ |url-status=live }}</ref> as well as the [[Johannesburg Art Gallery]]<ref name = "JoziArtGallery">{{cite web |url=http://www.artthrob.co.za/Galleries/Johannesburg-Art-Gallery.aspx |title=Johannesburg Art Gallery |access-date=25 May 2015 |website=Art Throb |archive-date=14 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414144357/http://www.artthrob.co.za/Galleries/Johannesburg-Art-Gallery.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> and other prominent cultural landmarks, such as the [[Mary Fitzgerald Square]]<ref name = "JoburgCulture1"/> and numerous other museums, theatres, galleries and libraries.<ref name = "JoburgCulture1"/> The [[Johannesburg City Library]] is located in the Central Business District of Johannesburg.<ref>{{cite web |last=City of Johannesburg |title=Region F libraries |url=https://www.joburg.org.za/about_/regions/Pages/Region%20F%20-%20Inner%20City/Region-F-Libraries.aspx |access-date=9 July 2018 |archive-date=10 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180710013851/https://www.joburg.org.za/about_/regions/Pages/Region%20F%20-%20Inner%20City/Region-F-Libraries.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> === Museums and galleries === [[File:9 2 228 0069-Art Gallery-Johannesburg-s (square).jpg|thumb|[[Johannesburg Art Gallery]]]] [[File:Apartheidmuseumpool.JPG|thumb|[[Apartheid Museum]]]] Specialist museums cover subjects such as Africana, costume, design, [[fossils]], geology, [[military history]], medical, [[pharmacy]], photography and transportation networks such as railways. [[Gold Reef City]], a living museum, was originally part of the Crown Mines Complex, where gold was mined to a depth of {{convert|3000|m}}. The [[Market Theatre (Johannesburg)|Market Theatre]] stages plays, comedy shows, and musical performances. The following is a list of some of the museums and galleries that can be found in Johannesburg.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.places.co.za/html/johannesburg_museums.html |title=Johannesburg Museums |publisher=Places.co.za |access-date=2 July 2010 |archive-date=18 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100618071844/http://www.places.co.za/html/johannesburg_museums.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> *AECI Dynamite Factory Museum ::The AECI Dynamite Factory Museum, housed in the 1895 residence of a mining official, records the history of explosives, with particular emphasis on their use in the mining industry. *Adler Museum of Medicine ::History of Medicine, brainchild of Dr Cyril Adler, was formally inaugurated 1962. The museum's role was to collect and preserve for posterity all material that would illustrate the history of medicine in general and of South Africa in particular. *[[Apartheid Museum]] *[[Constitution Hill, Johannesburg]] *[[Hector Pieterson Museum]] *[[James Hall Transport Museum]] *[[Johannesburg Art Gallery]] *Madiba Freedom Museum :: Named after the former President Mandela's clan, the museum's theme is Mzabalazo and charts South Africa's journey to democracy. *[[MuseuMAfricA]]. *Origins Centre Museum ::Located on the campus of the [[University of the Witwatersrand]] in [[Braamfontein]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://origins.org.za/index.php/origins_site/widearticle/C37/ |title=Vitis US |publisher=Origins Centre |access-date=10 May 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210154403/http://origins.org.za/index.php/origins_site/widearticle/C37/ |archive-date=10 December 2008}}</ref> this museum contains some excellent examples of southern African rock art and the origins of humankind. *Bernberg Fashion Museum :: Bernberg Fashion Museum is primarily a museum collection, consisting of objects, and explains why and how clothing has changed and how the fashions of the past influence those of today. *[[South African National Museum of Military History]] *Zoology Museum :: The Zoology Museum is the only natural history museum in Johannesburg which is unusual because all the other major cities in South Africa have large public natural history museums. It has retained a unique character as the display specimens are exhibited in finely crafted teak cabinets which allow the viewer to engage directly with scores of objects at close range. === Entertainment and performing arts === [[File:Rise Against at RAMFest 2013 in Johannesburg, South Africa.jpg|thumb|right|[[Rise Against]] live in Johannesburg, South Africa as part of [[RAMFest]] 2013]] Johannesburg hosts many of South Africa's premier music events, such as [[RAMFest]]'s Johannesburg leg,<ref name = "RAM10">{{cite web |url=http://www.songkick.com/festivals/44346-ramfest/id/3810841-ramfest-2010 |title=Ramfest 2010 | Ramfest 2010 Line-up and Posters |publisher=Songkick |access-date=5 March 2013 |archive-date=2 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502071343/http://www.songkick.com/festivals/44346-ramfest/id/3810841-ramfest-2010 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name = "RAM11JOZI">{{cite web |author=Johannesburg, South Africa |url=http://www.songkick.com/festivals/44346-ramfest/id/7361686-ramfest-2011 |title=Ramfest 2011 | Ramfest 2011 Line-up and Posters |publisher=Songkick |date=12 March 2011 |access-date=5 March 2013 |archive-date=2 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502074246/http://www.songkick.com/festivals/44346-ramfest/id/7361686-ramfest-2011 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name = "RAM12JOZI">{{cite web |author=Johannesburg, South Africa |url=http://www.songkick.com/festivals/44346-ramfest/id/10817988-ramfest-2012 |title=Ramfest 2012 | Ramfest 2012 Line-up and Posters |publisher=Songkick |date=10 March 2012 |access-date=5 March 2013 |archive-date=18 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121118043323/http://www.songkick.com/festivals/44346-ramfest/id/10817988-ramfest-2012 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name = "RAM13">{{cite web |url=http://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/429/88021.html |title=Ramfest 2013 line-up |publisher=Bizcommunity.com |date=21 January 2013 |access-date=5 March 2013 |archive-date=7 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407062925/http://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/429/88021.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[In the City (South African festival)|In The City]]<ref name="VITC2012">{{cite web |url=http://www.drop-your-drink.com/2012/09/vodacom-unlimited-in-city-presents-bloc.html |title=Archived copy |website=www.drop-your-drink.com |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170212101418/http://www.drop-your-drink.com/2012/09/vodacom-unlimited-in-city-presents-bloc.html |archive-date=12 February 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and many international tours from bands and artists around the world.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dailymaverick.co.za/article/2011-02-14-u2-in-johannesburg-the-real-greatest-show-on-earth |title=U2 in Johannesburg β the real greatest show on earth β Daily Maverick |first=Styli |last=Charalambous |date=14 February 2011 |access-date=17 September 2013 |archive-date=13 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111013015217/http://dailymaverick.co.za/article/2011-02-14-u2-in-johannesburg-the-real-greatest-show-on-earth |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://mg.co.za/article/2011-10-09-coldplay-makes-joburg-paradise |title=Coldplay makes Jo'burg Paradise |first1=Genevieve |last1=Quintal |first2=Jenna |last2=Etheridge |date=9 October 2011 |access-date=17 September 2013 |archive-date=20 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220023851/http://mg.co.za/article/2011-10-09-coldplay-makes-joburg-paradise |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://dailymaverick.co.za/article/2011-10-31-kings-of-leon-anything-but-a-royal-performance |title=Kings of Leon: anything but a royal performance β Daily Maverick |first=Styli |last=Charalambous |date=31 October 2011 |access-date=17 September 2013 |archive-date=1 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111101194036/http://dailymaverick.co.za/article/2011-10-31-kings-of-leon-anything-but-a-royal-performance |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ewn.co.za/2012/11/11/Thousands-attend-Linkin-Park-concert |title=Thousands attend Linkin Park concert |first=Andrea van |last=Wyk |access-date=17 September 2013 |archive-date=20 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220074154/http://ewn.co.za/2012/11/11/Thousands-attend-Linkin-Park-concert |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |date=5 January 2013 |title=Billboard Boxscore |magazine=Billboard |volume=124 |issue=51 |issn=0006-2510 |access-date=7 January 2013 |url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/currentboxscore.jsp |archive-url=http://www.freezepage.com/1357566049IANLXYVBOK?url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/currentboxscore.jsp |archive-date=7 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rollingstone.co.za/musicrev/item/2139-report-red-hot-chili-peppers-electrify-fnb-stadium |title=Report: Red Hot Chili Peppers Electrify FNB Stadium β Rolling Stone South Africa |first=KAYLEIGH |last=VOGES |website=www.rollingstone.co.za |date=6 December 2018 |access-date=17 September 2013 |archive-date=20 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220004239/http://www.rollingstone.co.za/musicrev/item/2139-report-red-hot-chili-peppers-electrify-fnb-stadium |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.timeslive.co.za/entertainment/music/2013/04/29/the-master-of-puppets-metallica-pulls-johannesburg-s-strings |title=TimesLIVE |website=www.timeslive.co.za |access-date=17 September 2013 |archive-date=2 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130702005424/http://www.timeslive.co.za/entertainment/music/2013/04/29/the-master-of-puppets-metallica-pulls-johannesburg-s-strings |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.timeslive.co.za/thetimes/2012/12/11/bieber-busts-jozi-ticket-bank |title=Bieber busts Jozi ticket bank |access-date=17 September 2013 |archive-date=16 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016062601/http://www.timeslive.co.za/thetimes/2012/12/11/bieber-busts-jozi-ticket-bank |url-status=live }}</ref> Several critically acclaimed musical acts come from Johannesburg, such as [[Kongos (band)|Kongos]], [[Johnny Clegg]], [[Trevor Rabin]], [[Zebra & Giraffe]], [[Man As Machine]], [[The Parlotones]], and [[Shortstraw|ShortStraw]]. The [[Joburg Theatre]] complex hosts drama, opera and ballet. The [[Market Theatre Foundation]] houses the historic [[Market Theatre (Johannesburg)|Market Theatre]] in Newtown with various sized stages holding performances from theatre to music and dance. The foundation also oversees the [https://www.marketlab.co.za Market Theatre Laboratory] and [https://marketphotoworkshop.co.za The Market Photo Workshop] β run training programmes for young creatives and presenting work to the public. === Public art === Public art ranges from sculptures to murals to pieces by artists like [[William Kentridge]] and [[Gerhard Marx]]'s [[Fire Walker]]. Many pieces are developed through community workshops, such as the Vilakazi Street sculptures. Others are functional, such as street furniture found in [[Hillbrow]] and the city centre.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}} As part of the Johannesburg Development Agency's (JDA) policy to make city areas desirable to potential investors, the organisation has identified public art as a way to improve the urban experience of the city.<ref>{{cite web |title=JDA's PUBLIC ART STRATEGY 2011β2016 |url=http://www.jda.org.za/docs/publi_art_strategy.pdf |website=www.jda.org.za |publisher=Johannesburg Development Agency |access-date=31 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170401054603/http://www.jda.org.za/docs/publi_art_strategy.pdf |archive-date=1 April 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The JDA spends 1 percent of all projects of over R10-million on public art.<ref>{{cite web |title=Place making and public art |url=http://www.jda.org.za/index.php/whatwedo/programmes/inner-city |website=www.jda.org.za |publisher=Johannesburg Development Agency |access-date=31 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170331210050/http://www.jda.org.za/index.php/whatwedo/programmes/inner-city |archive-date=31 March 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> === Architecture and urbanism === {{Main|Architecture of Johannesburg|Suburbs of Johannesburg}} [[File:Trust Bank Building.jpg|thumb|[[Trust Bank Building]] in 2018]] [[File:Joburg skyline.jpg|thumb|Johannesburg Central Business District]] Johannesburg is home to some of Africa's tallest structures, such as the [[Sentech Tower]], [[Hillbrow Tower]], the [[Carlton Centre]] and [[Ponte City Apartments]]. The Johannesburg city skyline has most of the tallest buildings on the continent and contains most international organisations such as [[IBM]], [[Absa Group|Absa]], [[BHP]], [[Willis Group]], [[First National Bank (South Africa)|First National Bank]], [[Nedbank]] and [[Standard Bank]]. Many of the city's older buildings have been demolished and more modern ones built in their place. North of the CBD is [[Hillbrow]], the most densely populated residential area in southern Africa. Northwest of the CBD is [[Braamfontein]], a secondary CBD housing many offices and business premises. The CBD is predominated by four styles of architecture, being [[Colonial architecture|Victorian Colonial]], [[Edwardian Baroque]], [[Art Deco]] and [[Modernism]]. The city is often described as Africa's economic powerhouse, and contentiously as a modern and prosperous African city.<ref name="Guardian">{{cite news |last=Smith |first=David |title=Johannesburg rebuked over 'world-class city' advert |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jul/11/johannesburg-world-class-city-advert |access-date=15 July 2013 |newspaper=The Guardian |date=12 July 2013 |archive-date=4 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130904072916/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jul/11/johannesburg-world-class-city-advert |url-status=live }}</ref> Johannesburg, like many metropolises, has more than one central business district (CBD), including, but not limited to, Sandton, Rosebank and Roodepoort in addition to the original CBD. Some tend to include Benoni and Germiston as well. Due to its many different central districts, Johannesburg would fall under the [[multiple nuclei model]] in [[human geography]] terms. It is the hub of South Africa's commercial, financial, industrial, and mining undertakings. Johannesburg is part of a larger urban region. It is closely linked with several other satellite towns. [[Randburg]] and [[Sandton]] form part of the northern area. The east and west ridges spread out from central Johannesburg. The Central Business District covers an area of {{convert|6|km2|0|abbr=out}}. It consists of closely packed skyscrapers such as the [[Carlton Centre]], [[Marble Towers]], [[Trust Bank Building]], [[Ponte City Apartments]], [[Southern Life Centre]] and [[11 Diagonal Street]]. Johannesburg's city centre retains its elements of a rectangular grid pattern that was first officially recorded in 1886.<ref name=":0"/> Streets are narrow and filled with high rises built in the mid- to late 1900s. Old Victorianβera buildings first built in the late 1800s have been torn down long ago.<ref name=":0"/> The 1900s brought along with it the introduction of many different architectural styles and structures. The Johannesburg Art Gallery and Supreme Court Building being two examples. These were important Beaux-Arts structures, with the style put in place by (at the time) colonial parent, the British Empire.<ref name=":0"/> South Africa didn't borrow architectural techniques exclusively from Britain, however. They were also inspired by American models and styles, having built several structures like the ESKOM Building and the Corner House to emulate the prowess of New York City, located in the United States.<ref name=":0"/> {{wide image|Panoramic Joburg.jpg|1100px|Panoramic view of the [[Johannesburg CBD|Johannesburg Central Business District]]}} === Sports === [[File:FIFA World Cup 2010 Uruguay Ghana.jpg|thumb|left|[[Uruguay national football team|Uruguay]] vs. [[Ghana national football team|Ghana]] at the [[FNB Stadium]], during the [[2010 FIFA World Cup]]]] Johannesburg's most popular sports by participation are [[association football]], [[cricket]], [[rugby union]], and [[running]]. Early each Sunday morning, tens of thousands of runners gather to take part in informal runs organised by several athletic clubs. The city has several football clubs in the [[Premier Soccer League]] (PSL) and the [[National First Division]]. In the PSL, the top Johannesburg teams are all fierce rivals and include [[Kaizer Chiefs F.C.|Kaizer Chiefs]] (nicknamed ''Amakhosi''), [[Orlando Pirates F.C.|Orlando Pirates]] (nicknamed the ''Buccaneers''), [[Moroka Swallows F.C.|Moroka Swallows]] and [[Wits University F.C.|Wits University]] (nicknamed the ''Clever Boys''). They are based at the city's [[FNB Stadium|FNB]], [[Orlando Stadium|Orlando]], [[Dobsonville Stadium|Dobsonville]] and [[Bidvest Stadium|Bidvest]] stadiums. Several large-scale league and cup games are played at [[Soccer City]] the venue of the [[2010 FIFA World Cup]] final. First Division teams are [[Jomo Cosmos]] and [[FC AK]]. Katlehong City and Alexandra United, play at [[Alexandra Stadium|Alexandra]] and Reiger Park stadium respectively. Cricket is one of the more popular sports. In cricket, the [[Highveld Lions]] represent Johannesburg, the rest of Gauteng as well as the [[North West Province|North West]] at the [[Wanderers Stadium]] which was the venue for the [[2003 Cricket World Cup]] Final in which [[Australia national cricket team|Australia]] successfully defended their title against [[India national cricket team|India]]. Wanderers Stadium hosted what many cricket fans consider the greatest ever [[One Day International cricket|ODI]] match in which South Africa successfully chased down 434 runs. They take part in the [[first-class cricket|first class]] [[SuperSport Series]], the [[limited overs cricket|one-day]] [[MTN Domestic Championship]] and the [[Twenty20]] [[Ram Slam T20 Challenge]]. Johannesburg also hosted matches from and the final of the [[2007 ICC World Twenty20]], in which India beat [[Pakistan national cricket team|Pakistan]] in the final. The [[Lions (United Rugby Championship)|Lions]], formerly the Cats, represent Johannesburg, [[North West (South African province)|North West]] and [[Mpumalanga]] in the [[United Rugby Championship]] competition, which includes teams from South Africa, Ireland, Italy, Scotland and Wales. The [[Golden Lions]] compete in the [[Currie Cup]], which they have won on ten occasions. They are housed at [[Ellis Park Stadium]], which also hosted the [[World Rugby|IRB]] [[1995 Rugby World Cup Final]], in which the South African [[Springboks]] defeated the New Zealand [[All Blacks]]. The city's [[Ticketpro Dome]] and the [[Ellis Park Arena]] hosted two of the three [[NBA Africa Game (disambiguation)|NBA Africa Game]]s.<ref>{{cite news |title=Getting to know Africa's flashy basketball arenas |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/news/getting-to-know-africas-flashy-basketball-arenas |access-date=10 December 2020 |work=[[FIBA]] |date=2 September 2019 |archive-date=7 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107193242/https://www.fiba.basketball/news/getting-to-know-africas-flashy-basketball-arenas |url-status=live }}</ref> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here. You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see Christianpedia:Copyrights for details). Do not submit copyrighted work without permission! Cancel Editing help (opens in new window) Discuss this page