Free will

====Non-naturalism====
{{distinguish|Religious naturalism}}

Alternatives to strictly [[Naturalism (philosophy)|naturalist]] physics, such as [[mind–body dualism]] positing a mind or soul existing apart from one's body while perceiving, thinking, choosing freely, and as a result acting independently on the body, include both traditional religious metaphysics and less common newer compatibilist concepts.<ref name=mnn>{{cite web |last1=Ridge |first1=Michael |title=Moral Non-Naturalism |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/moral-non-naturalism/ |website=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University |access-date=3 June 2019 |date=3 February 2014}}</ref> Also consistent with both autonomy and [[Darwinism]],<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lemos |first1=John |title=Evolution and Free Will: A Defense of Darwinian Non–naturalism |journal=Metaphilosophy |date=2002 |volume=33 |issue=4 |pages=468–482 |doi=10.1111/1467-9973.00240 |language=en |issn=1467-9973}}</ref> they allow for free personal agency based on practical reasons within the laws of physics.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Nida-Rümelin |first1=Julian |title=The Reasons Account of Free Will A Libertarian-Compatibilist Hybrid |journal=Archiv für Rechts- und Sozialphilosophie |date=1 January 2019 |volume=105 |issue=1 |pages=3–10 |doi=10.25162/arsp-2019-0001 |s2cid=155641763 |language=en}}</ref> While less popular among 21st-century philosophers, non-naturalist compatibilism is present in most if not almost all religions.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Stump |first1=Eleonore |editor1-last=Howard-Snyder |editor1-first=Daniel |editor2-last=Jordan |editor2-first=Jeff |title=Faith, Freedom, and Rationality |date=1996 |publisher=Rowman and Littlefield |location=Lanham, MD |pages=73–88 |chapter=Libertarian Freedom and the Principle of Alternative Possibilities}}</ref>