Filioque

===Reformation===
Although the Protestant Reformation challenged a number of church doctrines, they accepted the {{lang|la|Filioque}} without reservation. However, they did not have a polemical insistence on the Western view of the Trinity. In the second half of the 16th century, Lutheran scholars from the [[University of Tübingen]] initiated a dialogue with the [[Patriarch Jeremias II of Constantinople]]. The Tübingen Lutherans defended the {{lang|la|Filioque}} arguing that, without it, "the doctrine of the Trinity would lose its epistemological justification in the history of revelation." In the centuries that followed, the {{lang|la|Filioque}} was considered by Protestant theologians to be a key component of the doctrine of the Trinity, although it was never elevated to being a pillar of Protestant theology.<ref>{{cite book|last=Oberdorfer|first=Bernd|year=2006|chapter={{thinsp}}'...&nbsp;who proceeds from the Father' and the Son? The use of the Bible in the filioque debate: a historical and ecumenical case study and hermeneutical reflections|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aDbXC1wJZPoC&pg=PA155|editor1-last=Helmer|editor1-first=Christine|editor2-last=Higbe|editor2-first=Charlene T.|title=The multivalence of biblical texts and theological meanings|series=Symposium series|volume=37|location=Atlanta, GA|publisher=Society of Biblical Literature|isbn=978-1-58983-221-3|page=155}}</ref> Zizioulas characterize Protestants as finding themselves "in the same confusion as those fourth century theologians who were unable to distinguish between the two sorts of procession, 'proceeding from' and 'sent by'."<ref>{{cite book|last=Zizioulas|first=John D.|editor-last=Knight|editor-first=Douglas H.|title=Lectures in Christian Dogmatics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9DyU-OXaz9UC&pg=PA78|access-date=23 December 2011|date=28 February 2009|publisher=Continuum International Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-567-03315-4|page=78}}</ref>