Feminism

==== Cultural movements ====

Riot grrrls took an [[anti-corporate]] stance of [[self-sufficiency]] and [[Individualism|self-reliance]].<ref name=Rowe-Finbeiner>{{cite book|author=Rowe-Finkbeiner, Kristin |title=The F-Word: Feminism In Jeopardy – Women, Politics and the Future |year=2004 |publisher=Seal Press |isbn=978-1-58005-114-9 |url=https://archive.org/details/fwordfeminisminj00rowe }}</ref> Riot grrrl's emphasis on universal female identity and separatism often appears more closely allied with second-wave feminism than with the third wave.<ref name=Rosenberg_Garofalo>{{cite journal |author=Rosenberg, Jessica |author2=Gitana Garofalo |s2cid=144109102 |title=Riot Grrrl: Revolutions from within – Feminisms and Youth Cultures |journal=Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society |volume=23 |issue=3 |pages=809–841 |date=Spring 1998 |doi=10.1086/495289 |jstor=3175311 }}</ref> The movement encouraged and made "adolescent girls' standpoints central", allowing them to express themselves fully.<ref name=Code>{{cite book |author=Code, Lorraine |title=Encyclopedia of Feminist Theories |year=2004 |publisher=Routledge |place=London |isbn=978-0-415-30885-4 |page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaoffe0000unse/page/560 560] |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaoffe0000unse/page/560 }}</ref> [[Lipstick feminism]] is a cultural feminist movement that attempts to respond to the backlash of second-wave radical feminism of the 1960s and 1970s by reclaiming symbols of "feminine" identity such as make-up, suggestive clothing and having a sexual allure as valid and empowering personal choices.<ref>{{cite book|last=Scanlon |first=Jennifer |title=Bad Girls Go Everywhere: The Life of Helen Gurley Brown |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-19-534205-5 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/badgirlsgoeveryw00scan/page/94 94–111] |url=https://archive.org/details/badgirlsgoeveryw00scan/page/94 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first1=Joanne |last1=Hollows |first2=Rachel |last2=Moseley |year=2006 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0RuRknkzxe4C&pg=PA84 |title=Feminism in Popular Culture |publisher=Berg Publishers |page=84 |isbn=978-1-84520-223-1}}</ref>