Excommunication

===Iglesia ni Cristo===
{{Lang|tl|[[Iglesia ni Cristo]]|italic=no}} practices expulsion of members it deems to have gravely sinned or gone against the teachings and doctrines of the church. The Sanggunian, the church's council, has jurisdiction to expel members from the church. People expelled by the church are referred to as ''dismissed'' ({{Lang-tl|tiwalag}}). Offenses that may be grounds for expulsion include marrying a non-member, having a romantic relationship with a non-member, becoming pregnant out of wedlock (unless the couple marries before the child is born) and most especially disagreeing with the church administration.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Doyo|first1=Ceres|author-link=Maria Ceres Doyo|title=Tiwalag|url=http://opinion.inquirer.net/87364/tiwalag|access-date=9 November 2015|newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=6 August 2015}}</ref> An expelled member can be re-admitted by pledging obedience to the church administration and its rules, values and teachings.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Francisco|first1=Katerina|title=Iglesia ni Cristo can re-admit expelled Manalo kin|url=http://www.rappler.com/nation/100272-iglesia-cristo-readmit-expelled-manalo-kin|access-date=9 November 2015|work=Rappler|date=23 July 2015}}</ref>