England

===Energy===
{{main|Energy in the United Kingdom}}
[[File:Den_Brook_Wind_Farm_from_Main_Road.jpg|thumb|Wind turbines at [[Den Brook Wind Farm|Den Brook]], Devon. The UK is [[Wind power in the United Kingdom|one of the best sites in Europe for wind energy]], and wind power production is its fastest growing supply.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=BBC – Weather Centre – Climate Change – Wind Power |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/climate/adaptation/wind_power.shtml |access-date=9 June 2015 |website=bbc.co.uk}}</ref><ref name="Roadmap" />|left]]

Successive governments have outlined numerous commitments to reduce [[carbon dioxide]] emissions. Notably, the UK is [[Wind power in the United Kingdom|one of the best sites in Europe for wind energy]], and wind power production is its fastest growing supply.<ref name="Roadmap">{{Cite web |title=UK Renewable Energy Roadmap Crown copyright, July 2011 |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/48128/2167-uk-renewable-energy-roadmap.pdf}}; {{Cite web|url=http://www.renewableuk.com/en/news/renewableuk-news.cfm/electricity-needs-of-more-than-a-quarter-of-uk-homes-powered-by-wind-in-2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509191928/http://www.renewableuk.com/en/news/renewableuk-news.cfm/electricity-needs-of-more-than-a-quarter-of-uk-homes-powered-by-wind-in-2014|url-status=dead|title=RenewableUK News website article|archive-date=9 May 2015}}</ref> Wind power contributed 26.8% of UK electricity generation in 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 January 2023 |title=Britain produced record amount of wind power in 2022, National Grid says |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/britain-produced-record-amount-wind-power-2022-national-grid-2023-01-06/ |access-date=8 May 2023}}</ref> England is home to [[Hornsea Wind Farm|Hornsea 2]], the largest offshore wind farm in the world, situated in waters roughly 89 kilometres off the coast of Yorkshire.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 2022 |title=The world's biggest offshore wind farm is now fully operational |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/09/01/huge-offshore-wind-farm-hornsea-2-is-fully-operational-orsted-says.html |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=CNBC |language=en}}</ref>

The [[Climate Change Act 2008]] was passed in Parliament with an overwhelming majority across political parties. It sets out emission reduction targets that the UK must comply with legally. It represents the first global legally binding climate change mitigation target set by a country.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What is the 2008 Climate Change Act? |url=https://www.lse.ac.uk/granthaminstitute/explainers/what-is-the-2008-climate-change-act/ |access-date=1 April 2021 |website=Grantham Research Institute on climate change and the environment |language=en-GB}}</ref> [[Energy policy of the United Kingdom|UK government energy policy]] aims to play a key role in limiting [[greenhouse gas emissions]], while meeting energy demand. Shifting availabilities of resources and development of technologies also change the country's [[energy mix]] through changes in costs.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Proctor |first=Darrell |date=24 November 2020 |title=UK Undergoing "Remarkable Shift" in Power Generation |url=https://www.powermag.com/uk-undergoing-remarkable-shift-in-power-generation/ |access-date=11 April 2021 |website=POWER Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref>

The current energy policy is the responsibility of the [[Department for Energy Security and Net Zero]] and [[Secretary of State for Energy Security and Net Zero]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Department for Energy Security & Net Zero – GOV.UK |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-for-energy-security-and-net-zero |access-date=3 April 2021 |website=www.gov.uk |language=en}}</ref> The [[Minister of State for Business, Energy and Clean Growth]] is responsible for green finance, climate science and innovation, and low carbon generation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Minister of State (Minister for Business, Energy and Clean Growth) – GOV.UK |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/ministers/minister-of-state--75#responsibilities |access-date=2020-10-24 |website=www.gov.uk |language=en}}</ref> In 2022, the United Kingdom was ranked 2 out of 180 countries in the [[Environmental Performance Index]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=2022 EPI Results |url=https://epi.yale.edu/epi-results/2020/component/epi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621233539/https://epi.yale.edu/epi-results/2022/component/epi |archive-date=21 June 2023 |access-date=5 July 2023 |website=[[Environmental Performance Index]]}}</ref> A law has been passed that [[Greenhouse gas emissions|UK greenhouse gas emissions]] will be [[net zero]] by 2050.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 April 2020 |title=UK net zero target |url=https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/explainers/net-zero-target#:~:text=In%20June%202019%2C%20parliament%20passed,to%201990%20levels%20by%202050.&text=Prior%20to%20this%2C%20the%20UK,1990%20levels%2C%20also%20by%202050. |access-date=20 November 2020 |website=Institute for Government}}</ref>