Doctor of Science

=== Brazil ===
In Brazil only the Doctor in Sciences (DSc) category is recognized as a higher doctorate,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jusbrasil.com.br/noticias/1682209/doutor-e-quem-faz-doutorado |title=Doutor é quem faz Doutorado :: Notícias JusBrasil |language=pt |publisher=Jusbrasil.com.br |access-date=2011-08-16 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721023316/http://www.jusbrasil.com.br/noticias/1682209/doutor-e-quem-faz-doutorado |archive-date=2011-07-21 }}</ref> generally followed by the concentration area (program field).

This kind of doctorate is obtained in Graduate School after satisfactory evaluation of knowledge, research accomplishment, and thesis defense. This doctorate is comparable to a PhD program found in other countries. In the state of São Paulo, the doctorate title is the second highest academic title given by the state's universities (University of São Paulo (USP), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) and São Paulo State University (UNESP)) and most Federal Universities, such as the Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP). The highest academic title is the ''Livre-Docência'', which is not equivalent to the German Habilitation, since "Livre-Docência" is not a requisite to be a professor in Brazilian universities, and German Habilitation is a requisite to be a professor in German universities. However, "Live-Docencia" is a requisite to be promoted to Associate Professor / "full" Professor (Professor Titular) at several of those public research Universities.