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Do not fill this in! === Science === <!-- {{Main|Science of the Czech Republic}} --> [[File:Heyrovsky Jaroslav.jpg|thumb|234x234px|Chemist [[Jaroslav Heyrovský]], Nobel Prize winner]] The Czech lands have a long and well-documented history of scientific innovation.<ref>{{cite web |title=Czech Science: Past, Present, and Future |url=http://connect.ceitec.cz/science-and-society/czech-science-past-present-and-future/ |publisher=Ceitec Connect |website=connect.ceitec.cz/ |access-date=1 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Czech Footprint: Inventions and Inventors |url=https://www.skoda-storyboard.com/en/heritage/czech-footprint-inventions-and-inventors/ |date=16 November 2018 |website=www.skoda-storyboard.com/ |access-date=1 June 2021}}</ref> Today, the Czech Republic has a highly sophisticated, developed, high-performing, innovation-oriented scientific community supported by the government,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mpo.cz/assets/en/guidepost/for-the-media/press-releases/2019/5/NAIS_eng_web.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.mpo.cz/assets/en/guidepost/for-the-media/press-releases/2019/5/NAIS_eng_web.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |url-status=live|title=National Artificial Intelligence Strategy of the Czech Republic |publisher=Ministry of Industry and Trade |website=www.mpo.cz |access-date=1 June 2021}}</ref> industry,<ref>{{cite web |title=Research and Development in the Czech Republic |url=http://www.czech-research.com|publisher=Czech Invest |website=www.czechinvest.org/en |access-date=1 June 2021}}</ref> and leading [[Czech Universities|universities]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Best Global Universities in the Czech Republic|url=https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/czech-republic|publisher=U.S. News & World Report|website=www.usnews.com |access-date=1 June 2021}}</ref> Czech scientists are embedded members of the global scientific community.<ref>{{cite web|title=Research News|url=https://gacr.cz/en/news|access-date=1 June 2021|website=gacr.cz/en |publisher=Grantová agentura České republiky}}</ref> They contribute annually to multiple international academic journals and collaborate with their colleagues across boundaries and fields.<ref>{{cite web|title=Exhibition traces Czech contribution to finding Amazon River source|url=https://english.radio.cz/exhibition-traces-czech-contribution-finding-amazon-river-source-8718816|access-date=1 June 2021|publisher=Radio Prague International|date=28 May 2021|website=www.czech.radio}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Czech Republic, home of robotics|url=https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news/czech-republic-home-robotics|access-date=1 June 2021|date=19 June 2012|website=ec.europa.eu}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=World success of Czech scientists: A breakthrough method can help in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease or cancer|url=https://imtm.cz/world-success-czech-scientists-breakthrough-method-can-help-treatment-alzheimers-disease-or-cancer|access-date=1 June 2021|publisher=Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine|website=imtm.cz|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602220026/https://imtm.cz/world-success-czech-scientists-breakthrough-method-can-help-treatment-alzheimers-disease-or-cancer|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Czech and Slovak Freedom Lecture: The Role of Czech and International Scientists in the Fight Against the Pandemic|url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/event/czech-and-slovak-freedom-lecture-role-czech-and-international-scientists-fight-against|access-date=1 June 2021|publisher=The Wilson Center|website=www.wilsoncenter.org}}</ref> The Czech Republic was ranked 24th in the [[Global Innovation Index]] in 2020 and 2021, up from 26th in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Innovation Index 2021 |url=https://www.wipo.int/global_innovation_index/en/2021/|work=[[World Intellectual Property Organization]]|publisher=[[United Nations]]|access-date=5 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Release of the Global Innovation Index 2020: Who Will Finance Innovation?|url=https://www.wipo.int/global_innovation_index/en/2020/index.html|access-date=2 September 2021|website=wipo.int}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Global Innovation Index 2019|url=https://www.wipo.int/global_innovation_index/en/2019/index.html|access-date=2 September 2021|website=wipo.int}}</ref> Historically, the Czech lands, especially [[Prague]], have been the seat of scientific discovery going back to early modern times, including [[Tycho Brahe]], [[Nicolaus Copernicus]], and [[Johannes Kepler]]. In 1784 the scientific community was first formally organized under the charter of the [[Royal Czech Society of Sciences]]. Currently, this organization is known as the [[Czech Academy of Sciences]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The Czech Academy of Sciences |url=https://www.avcr.cz/en |publisher=The Czech Academy of Sciences |website=www.avcr.cz |access-date=1 June 2021}}</ref> Similarly, the Czech lands have a well-established history of scientists,<ref>{{cite web |title=Czech Made |url=https://english.radio.cz/czech-made-8705902 |publisher=Radio Prague International |date=19 January 2021 |website=www.czech.radio |access-date=1 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Czechoslovak Society of Arts & Sciences |url=https://www.svu2000.org|website=svu2000.org|publisher=Společnost pro vědy a umění|access-date=1 June 2021}}</ref> including Nobel laureates biochemists [[Gerty Cori|Gerty]] and [[Carl Ferdinand Cori]], chemists [[Jaroslav Heyrovský]] and [[Otto Wichterle]], physicists [[Ernst Mach]] and [[Peter Grünberg]], physiologist [[Jan Evangelista Purkyně]] and chemist [[Antonín Holý]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=All Nobel Prizes|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/lists/all-nobel-prizes|access-date=2 June 2021|website=NobelPrize.org}}</ref> [[Sigmund Freud]], the founder of [[psychoanalysis]], was born in [[Příbor]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sigmund Freud {{!}} Biography, Theories, Works, & Facts|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sigmund-Freud|access-date=2 June 2021|website=Encyclopedia Britannica}}</ref> [[Gregor Mendel]], the founder of [[genetics]], was born in [[Hynčice (Vražné)|Hynčice]] and spent most of his life in [[Brno]],<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/857364787 |title=Solitude of a Humble Genius-- Gregor Johann Mendel. Volume 1, Formative years |date=2013 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-642-35254-6 |editor-last=Klein |editor-first=Paul |location=Berlin |oclc=857364787}}</ref> logician and mathematician [[Kurt Gödel]] was born in Brno. [[File:ELI Beamlines building in Dolní Břežany.jpg|thumb|Eli Beamlines Science Center with the most powerful laser in the world in [[Dolní Břežany]]]] Historically, most scientific research was recorded in Latin, but from the 18th century onwards increasingly in German and later in Czech, archived in libraries supported and managed by religious groups and other denominations as evidenced by historical locations of international renown and heritage such as the [[Strahov Monastery]] and the [[Clementinum]] in [[Prague]]. Increasingly, Czech scientists publish their work and that of their history in English.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Psychology in the Czech lands: Bohemia, Czechoslovakia, and the Czech Republic |journal=International Journal of Psychology |year=2020 |pmid=31304980 |last1=Klicperová-Baker |first1=M. |last2=Hoskovcová |first2=S. |last3=Heller |first3=D. |volume=55 |issue=2 |pages=133–143 |doi=10.1002/ijop.12607 |s2cid=196613980 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Research and Innovation Ranking |url=https://www.scimagoir.com/rankings.php?country=CZE |publisher=Scimago Institutions Rankings |website=www.scimagoir.com |access-date=1 June 2021}}</ref> The current important scientific institution is the already mentioned [[Czech Academy of Sciences|Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic]], the [[Central European Institute of Technology|CEITEC]] Institute in [[Brno]] or the [[HiLASE]] and [[Eli Beamlines]] centers with the most powerful laser in the world in [[Dolní Břežany]]. Prague is the seat of the administrative center of the GSA Agency operating the European navigation system [[Galileo (satellite navigation)|Galileo]] and the [[European Union Agency for the Space Programme]]. Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here. You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see Christianpedia:Copyrights for details). Do not submit copyrighted work without permission! Cancel Editing help (opens in new window) Discuss this page