Associated Press

===AP collaboration with Nazi Germany===
{{Further|Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy#Business collaboration|Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda}}
	
The AP [[Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy|collaborated]] with [[Nazi Germany]] and gave to it access to its photographic archives for its [[Antisemitism in Nazi propaganda|antisemitic]] [[Propaganda in Nazi Germany|Nazi propaganda]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Philip Oltermann |title=Revealed: how Associated Press cooperated with the Nazis |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/mar/30/associated-press-cooperation-nazis-revealed-germany-harriet-scharnberg |access-date=July 4, 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=March 30, 2016 |quote=AP also allowed the [[Nazi Germany|Nazi regime]] to use its photo archives for its virulently [[Antisemitism in Nazi propaganda|antisemitic]] [[Propaganda in Nazi Germany|propaganda literature]]. Publications illustrated with AP photographs include the bestselling [[Schutzstaffel|SS]] brochure ''Der Untermensch'' ("The Sub-Human") and the booklet "The Jews in the USA", which aimed to demonstrate the decadence of [[Jewish Americans]] with a picture of New York mayor [[Fiorello La Guardia]] eating from a buffet with his hands.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://zeithistorische-forschungen.de/sites/default/files/medien/Druckausgabe/2016-1/ZF_1_2016_Scharnberg_en.pdf |title=Harriet Scharnberg, THE A AND P OF PROPAGANDA, Associated Press and Nazi Photojournalism |access-date=September 29, 2022 |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020145848/https://zeithistorische-forschungen.de/sites/default/files/medien/Druckausgabe/2016-1/ZF_1_2016_Scharnberg_en.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> AP also cooperated with the Nazi regime [[Censorship in Nazi Germany|through censorship]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The Associated Press Cooperated With The Nazis |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/title-of-article |access-date=2021-04-19 |website=www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=March 30, 2016 |title=Revealed: How Associated Press cooperated with the Nazis |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/mar/30/associated-press-cooperation-nazis-revealed-germany-harriet-scharnberg |work=The Guardian}}</ref>

In 2017, the German historian Norman Domeier of the [[University of Vienna]] brought to wider attention the deal between the AP and the [[Government of Nazi Germany|Nazi government]] related to the interchange of press photos during the period in which [[Military history of the United States during World War II|the United States were at war with Nazi Germany]].<ref name="Rosenwald 2017">{{cite news |author-last=Rosenwald |author-first=Michael S. |date=10 May 2017 |title=The secret deal the Associated Press made with the Nazis during WWII |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2017/05/10/the-secret-deal-the-associated-press-made-with-the-nazis-during-wwii/ |url-status=live |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |issn=0190-8286 |oclc=2269358 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230091547/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2017/05/10/the-secret-deal-the-associated-press-made-with-the-nazis-during-wwii/ |archive-date=30 December 2022 |access-date=19 May 2023}}</ref> This relationship involved the Bureau Laux, run by the [[Waffen-SS]] photographer [[Helmut Laux]].<ref name="Rosenwald 2017"/><ref name="Crary 2017">{{cite news |author-last=Crary |author-first=David |title=AP releases in-depth review of its coverage of Nazi Germany |url=https://apnews.com/article/new-york-race-and-ethnicity-world-war-ii-germany-archive-7fb06e5ff1d94ed5859b5eeaf4f16b45 |access-date=13 July 2021 |publisher=Associated Press |date=May 10, 2017 |quote=With [[American entry into World War II|the U.S. entry into the war against Germany]] in December 1941, AP's American staff members were arrested and interned for five months before being deported in a [[prisoner exchange]]. The AP German picture service was seized, handed over to the [[Government of Nazi Germany|German Foreign Ministry]] and put under control of a [[Waffen-SS]] photographer, [[Helmut Laux]]. Most German former AP personnel were forced into Laux's operation; others were sent to military units.}}</ref>

The mechanism for this interchange involved a courier flying to [[Lisbon]] and back each day transporting photos from and for Nazi Germany's wartime enemy, the United States, via [[diplomatic pouch]]. The transactions were initially conducted at the AP bureau under Luiz Lupi in Lisbon, and from 1944, when the exchange via Lisbon took too long, also at the AP bureau in [[Stockholm]] under Eddie Shanke. Here, as a cover, the Swedish agency, {{Ill|Pressens Bild|sv}}, was involved as an intermediary. An estimated 40,000 photos were exchanged between the enemies in this way.<ref>{{cite web|trans-title=Secret Photos. The Cooperation between Associated Press (AP) and Nazi Germany 1942–1945 |work=Zeithistorische Forschungen/Studies in Contemporary History 14 |date=2017 |author=Norman Domeier |title=GEHEIME FOTOS - Die Kooperation von Associated Press und NS-Regime (1942–1945) |url=http://www.zeithistorische-forschungen.de/2-2017/id=5484}}</ref> The AP was kicked out of Nazi Germany when [[American entry into World War II|the United States entered World War II]] in December 1941.<ref name="Crary 2017"/>