Advaita Vedanta

==== Preparation: the fourfold qualities ====
The Advaita student has to develop the fourfold qualities,{{sfnp|Maharaj|2014|pp=88, context: pp. 82–108}}
 or behavioral qualifications (''Samanyasa'', ''Sampattis'', ''sādhana-catustaya''):{{sfn|Puligandla|1997|pp=251–254}}<ref name=davis38>{{cite book|author=Leesa S. Davis|title=Advaita Vedanta and Zen Buddhism: Deconstructive Modes of Spiritual Inquiry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r_kHcG0tspgC&pg=PA38 |year=2010|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|isbn=978-0-8264-2068-8|pages=38–39}}</ref>{{sfn|Deutsch|1980|p=105–108}}{{refn|group=note|These characteristics and steps are described in various Advaita texts, such as by Shankara in Chapter 1.1 of ''Brahmasutrabhasya'',{{sfn|Deutsch|1980|p=105-108}} and in the Bhagavad Gita Chapter 10}} A student is Advaita Vedānta tradition is required to develop these four qualities -
# ''{{IAST|Nityānitya vastu viveka}}'' (नित्यानित्य वस्तु विवेकम्) – Viveka is the ability to correctly discriminate between the real and eternal (''nitya'') and the substance that is apparently real, illusory, changing and transitory (''anitya'').{{sfn|Puligandla|1997|pp=251–254}}{{sfn|Deutsch|1980|p=105-108}}
# ''{{IAST|Ihāmutrārtha phala bhoga virāga}}'' (इहाऽमुत्रार्थ फल भोगविरागम्) – The renunciation (''virāga'') of all desires of the mind (bhoga) for sense pleasures, in this world (iha) and other worlds. Willing to give up everything that is an obstacle to the pursuit of truth and self-knowledge.{{sfn|Deutsch|1980|p=105-108}}<ref name=gthibaut>George Thibaut, {{Google books|2QswAAAAYAAJ|The Sacred Books of the East: The Vedanta-Sutras, Part 1|page=12}}, Oxford University Press, Editor: Max Muller, p. 12 with footnote 1</ref>
# ''{{IAST|Śamādi ṣatka sampatti}}'' (शमादि षट्क सम्पत्ति) – the sixfold virtues or qualities -
## ''Śama'' - mental tranquility, ability to focus the mind.{{sfn|Deutsch|1980|p=105-108}}<ref name=gthibaut/>
## ''[[Temperance (virtue)#Hinduism|Dama]]'' - self-restraint,{{refn|group=note|Example self-restraints mentioned in Hindu texts: one must refrain from any violence that causes injury to others, refrain from starting or propagating deceit and falsehood, refrain from theft of other's property, refrain from sexually cheating on one's partner, and refrain from avarice.{{sfnp|Heim|2005|pp=341–354}}{{sfnp|Lochtefeld|2001|p=777}}{{sfnp|Rao|1926}}}} the virtue of temperance.{{sfn|Deutsch|1980|p=105-108}}<ref name=gthibaut/> restraining the senses.
## ''[[Uparati]]'' - dispassion, lack of desire for worldly pleasures, ability to be quiet and disassociated from everything;{{sfn|Deutsch|1980|p=105-108}} discontinuation of all religious duties and ceremonies<ref name=gthibaut/>
## ''[[Titiksha|Titikṣa]]'' - endurance, perseverance, putting up with pairs of opposites (like heat and cold, pleasure and pain), ability to be patient during demanding circumstances{{sfn|Deutsch|1980|p=105-108}}<ref name=gthibaut/>
## ''[[Śraddhā]]'' - having faith in teacher and the [[Sruti]] scriptural texts{{sfn|Deutsch|1980|p=105-108}}
## ''[[Samadhana|Samādhāna]]'' - contentedness, satisfaction of mind in all conditions, attention, intentness of mind{{sfn|Deutsch|1980|p=105-108}}<ref name=gthibaut/>
# ''{{IAST|Mumukṣutva}}'' (मुमुक्षुत्वम्) – An intense longing for freedom, liberation and wisdom, driven to the quest of knowledge and understanding. Having moksha as the primary goal of life{{sfn|Deutsch|1980|p=105-108}}{{sfnp|Maharaj|2014|pp=88, context: pp. 82–108}}
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